Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls
Insect galls are the abnormal growth of plant tissues induced by a wide variety of galling insects and characterized by high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. It remains unclear whether the auxins and cytokinins affect the bacterial community structure of insect galls. We determined the conce...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/982 |
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| author | Xue-Mei Yang Yu Hui Lv-Quan Zhao Dao-Hong Zhu Yang Zeng Xiao-Hui Yang |
| author_facet | Xue-Mei Yang Yu Hui Lv-Quan Zhao Dao-Hong Zhu Yang Zeng Xiao-Hui Yang |
| author_sort | Xue-Mei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insect galls are the abnormal growth of plant tissues induced by a wide variety of galling insects and characterized by high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. It remains unclear whether the auxins and cytokinins affect the bacterial community structure of insect galls. We determined the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA) as an example of auxin, trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and isopentenyladenine (iP) as cytokinins in <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galls and the galled twigs of <i>Lithocarpus glaber</i> (Fagaceae) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, for the first time, we compared the bacterial community structure of <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls and galled twigs by high-throughput sequencing, and calculated the Spearman correlation and associated degree of significance between the IAA, tZR and iP concentrations and the bacterial community structure. Our results indicated the concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP were higher in <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls than in galled twigs, and positively correlated with the bacterial community structure of <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls. We suggest the high concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP may affect the bacterial community structure of <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:25:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3b95377b16d41118da8816b51567510 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:25:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3b95377b16d41118da8816b515675102023-11-22T23:46:43ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-10-01121198210.3390/insects12110982Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> GallsXue-Mei Yang0Yu Hui1Lv-Quan Zhao2Dao-Hong Zhu3Yang Zeng4Xiao-Hui Yang5Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Education Ministry of China, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Education Ministry of China, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaLaboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaLaboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, ChinaKey Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Education Ministry of China, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaInsect galls are the abnormal growth of plant tissues induced by a wide variety of galling insects and characterized by high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. It remains unclear whether the auxins and cytokinins affect the bacterial community structure of insect galls. We determined the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA) as an example of auxin, trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and isopentenyladenine (iP) as cytokinins in <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galls and the galled twigs of <i>Lithocarpus glaber</i> (Fagaceae) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, for the first time, we compared the bacterial community structure of <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls and galled twigs by high-throughput sequencing, and calculated the Spearman correlation and associated degree of significance between the IAA, tZR and iP concentrations and the bacterial community structure. Our results indicated the concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP were higher in <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls than in galled twigs, and positively correlated with the bacterial community structure of <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls. We suggest the high concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP may affect the bacterial community structure of <i>L. arcoverticus</i> galls.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/982insect gallsauxincytokiningall waspbacterial community<i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> |
| spellingShingle | Xue-Mei Yang Yu Hui Lv-Quan Zhao Dao-Hong Zhu Yang Zeng Xiao-Hui Yang Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls Insects insect galls auxin cytokinin gall wasp bacterial community <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> |
| title | Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls |
| title_full | Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls |
| title_short | Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> Galls |
| title_sort | comparison of auxin and cytokinins concentrations and the structure of bacterial community between host twigs and i lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus i galls |
| topic | insect galls auxin cytokinin gall wasp bacterial community <i>Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/982 |
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