| Summary: | Yersiniosis is an important zoonotic disease; however, data are scarce on the resistance of enteropathogenic yersiniae, especially that of <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i>. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 21 antibiotics and 3 essential oils (EOs) were determined by broth microdilution for <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> bioserotype 4/O:3 strains isolated from domestic swine (<i>n</i> = 132) and <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> strains isolated from wild boars (<i>n</i> = 46). For 15 of 21 antibiotics, statistically significant differences were found between MIC values of <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> and <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i>. While <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> was more resistant to amoxiclav, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, tetracycline, tobramycin, and trimethoprim, <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> was more resistant to cefepime, ceftazidime, colistin, erythromycin, and nitrofurantoin. Statistically significant differences were found between various essential oils (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and species (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The lowest MICs for multiresistant <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> (<i>n</i> = 12) and <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i> (<i>n</i> = 12) were obtained for cinnamon (median 414 and 207 μg/mL, respectively) and oregano EOs (median 379 and 284 μg/mL), whereas thyme EO showed significantly higher MIC values (median 738 and 553 μg/mL; <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was no difference between <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> strains of plant (1A) and animal (4/O:3) origin (<i>p</i> = 0.855). The results show that <i>Y. enterocolitica</i> is generally more resistant to antimicrobials than <i>Y. pseudotuberculosis</i>.
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