The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>
Vegetative propagation is an important method of reproduction and rejuvenation in horticulture and forestry plants with a long lifespan. Although substantial juvenile clones have been obtained through the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants, the molecular factors that regulate rejuvenation d...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Zijie Zhang Jie Liu Sen Cao Qi Guo Yuhan Sun Dongsheng Niu Cui Long Yingming Fan Yun Li |
| author_facet | Zijie Zhang Jie Liu Sen Cao Qi Guo Yuhan Sun Dongsheng Niu Cui Long Yingming Fan Yun Li |
| author_sort | Zijie Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vegetative propagation is an important method of reproduction and rejuvenation in horticulture and forestry plants with a long lifespan. Although substantial juvenile clones have been obtained through the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants, the molecular factors that regulate rejuvenation during vegetative propagation are largely unknown. Here, root sprouting and root cutting of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> were used as two vegetative propagation methods. From two consecutive years of transcriptome data from rejuvenated seedlings and mature trees, one gene module and one miRNA module were found to be specifically associated with rejuvenation during vegetative propagation through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In the gene module, a transcription factor-encoding gene showed high expression during vegetative propagation, and it was subsequently named <i>RpTOE1</i> through homology analysis. Heterologous overexpression of <i>RpTOE1</i> in wild-type <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>toe1</i> <i>toe2</i> double mutants prolonged the juvenile phase. The qRT-PCR results predicted <i>RpFT</i> to be a downstream gene that was regulated by RpTOE1. Further investigation of the protein-DNA interactions using yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that RpTOE1 negatively regulated <i>RpFT</i> by binding directly to the TOE binding site (TBS)-like motif on its promoter. On the basis of these results, we showed that the high expression of <i>RpTOE1</i> during vegetative propagation and its inhibition of <i>RpFT</i> played a key role in the phase reversal of <i>R. pseudoacacia</i>. |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3dc5f6d0a2c4305a833abafe9a578412023-11-23T08:26:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-01239507910.3390/ijms23095079The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>Zijie Zhang0Jie Liu1Sen Cao2Qi Guo3Yuhan Sun4Dongsheng Niu5Cui Long6Yingming Fan7Yun Li8Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBlack Locust Seed Orchard of Jixian County, Linfen 042200, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaVegetative propagation is an important method of reproduction and rejuvenation in horticulture and forestry plants with a long lifespan. Although substantial juvenile clones have been obtained through the vegetative propagation of ornamental plants, the molecular factors that regulate rejuvenation during vegetative propagation are largely unknown. Here, root sprouting and root cutting of <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> were used as two vegetative propagation methods. From two consecutive years of transcriptome data from rejuvenated seedlings and mature trees, one gene module and one miRNA module were found to be specifically associated with rejuvenation during vegetative propagation through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In the gene module, a transcription factor-encoding gene showed high expression during vegetative propagation, and it was subsequently named <i>RpTOE1</i> through homology analysis. Heterologous overexpression of <i>RpTOE1</i> in wild-type <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>toe1</i> <i>toe2</i> double mutants prolonged the juvenile phase. The qRT-PCR results predicted <i>RpFT</i> to be a downstream gene that was regulated by RpTOE1. Further investigation of the protein-DNA interactions using yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that RpTOE1 negatively regulated <i>RpFT</i> by binding directly to the TOE binding site (TBS)-like motif on its promoter. On the basis of these results, we showed that the high expression of <i>RpTOE1</i> during vegetative propagation and its inhibition of <i>RpFT</i> played a key role in the phase reversal of <i>R. pseudoacacia</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5079vegetative propagationrejuvenation<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>AP2-like TF |
| spellingShingle | Zijie Zhang Jie Liu Sen Cao Qi Guo Yuhan Sun Dongsheng Niu Cui Long Yingming Fan Yun Li The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences vegetative propagation rejuvenation <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> AP2-like TF |
| title | The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> |
| title_full | The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> |
| title_fullStr | The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> |
| title_short | The RpTOE1-<i>RpFT</i> Module Is Involved in Rejuvenation during Root-Based Vegetative Propagation in <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> |
| title_sort | rptoe1 i rpft i module is involved in rejuvenation during root based vegetative propagation in i robinia pseudoacacia i |
| topic | vegetative propagation rejuvenation <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> AP2-like TF |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/9/5079 |
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