Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example
To explore soil nutrients and moisture changes in different karst mountain agroforestry, in the plateau mountains of Southern China Karst, we used secondary tree and irrigation forest (C) as a reference for our study and selected four mixed agroforestry species (walnut + maize + potato (HYM), walnut...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/94 |
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| author | Ding Luo Kangning Xiong Chenxu Wu Xing Gu Zehui Wang |
| author_facet | Ding Luo Kangning Xiong Chenxu Wu Xing Gu Zehui Wang |
| author_sort | Ding Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To explore soil nutrients and moisture changes in different karst mountain agroforestry, in the plateau mountains of Southern China Karst, we used secondary tree and irrigation forest (C) as a reference for our study and selected four mixed agroforestry species (walnut + maize + potato (HYM), walnut + maize (HTY), poplar + ryegrass (YSH), and maize + ryegrass (YMH)) for comparison. First, soil moisture change characteristics were monitored in situ in the field. Second, for soil samples, soil bulk density, porosity, and permeability were analyzed, soil nutrient (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) characteristics were tested and analyzed. Then, we explored the relationship between agroforestry and soil moisture, soil moisture and soil nutrients, soil moisture and precipitation, and agroforestry and soil nutrients. It is shown (1) during the monitored period, variation trends in soil nutrients in four types of agroforestry was small, but it increased/decreased significantly compared with the secondary forest, which the variation range was more than 5%; (2) the changes of soil water content were significantly affected by precipitation, soil porosity and permeability, the moisture content changes of HYM, HTY, YSH, and YMH agroforestry were significantly correlated with precipitation, soil porosity, and permeability; (3) under the same precipitation conditions, different types had different lags on soil water regulation, with the average HYM 0.8 h, HTY 0.6 h, YSH 0.3 h, and YMH 0.4 h, each type soil responded at 2–3 h after rain, and the soil moisture content returned to the normal level; and (4) the variation of soil moisture content fluctuated seasonally, and the most obvious was HYM and HTY agroforestry, their Cv value between winter and summer exceeded 21%. The results provide basic theoretical support for further exploring the relationship among agroforestry, soil, moisture, and nutrients and enrich the content of the development of agroforestry in karst areas. They are of importance to promote ecological restoration and agroforestry development in karst areas. |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3df77b5113c4082bf01bb932f2c80572023-11-30T20:48:50ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-12-011319410.3390/agronomy13010094Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring ExampleDing Luo0Kangning Xiong1Chenxu Wu2Xing Gu3Zehui Wang4School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, ChinaSchool of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, ChinaSchool of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, ChinaSchool of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, ChinaSchool of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, ChinaTo explore soil nutrients and moisture changes in different karst mountain agroforestry, in the plateau mountains of Southern China Karst, we used secondary tree and irrigation forest (C) as a reference for our study and selected four mixed agroforestry species (walnut + maize + potato (HYM), walnut + maize (HTY), poplar + ryegrass (YSH), and maize + ryegrass (YMH)) for comparison. First, soil moisture change characteristics were monitored in situ in the field. Second, for soil samples, soil bulk density, porosity, and permeability were analyzed, soil nutrient (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) characteristics were tested and analyzed. Then, we explored the relationship between agroforestry and soil moisture, soil moisture and soil nutrients, soil moisture and precipitation, and agroforestry and soil nutrients. It is shown (1) during the monitored period, variation trends in soil nutrients in four types of agroforestry was small, but it increased/decreased significantly compared with the secondary forest, which the variation range was more than 5%; (2) the changes of soil water content were significantly affected by precipitation, soil porosity and permeability, the moisture content changes of HYM, HTY, YSH, and YMH agroforestry were significantly correlated with precipitation, soil porosity, and permeability; (3) under the same precipitation conditions, different types had different lags on soil water regulation, with the average HYM 0.8 h, HTY 0.6 h, YSH 0.3 h, and YMH 0.4 h, each type soil responded at 2–3 h after rain, and the soil moisture content returned to the normal level; and (4) the variation of soil moisture content fluctuated seasonally, and the most obvious was HYM and HTY agroforestry, their Cv value between winter and summer exceeded 21%. The results provide basic theoretical support for further exploring the relationship among agroforestry, soil, moisture, and nutrients and enrich the content of the development of agroforestry in karst areas. They are of importance to promote ecological restoration and agroforestry development in karst areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/94karstsoil moisturesoil nutrientsagroforestry |
| spellingShingle | Ding Luo Kangning Xiong Chenxu Wu Xing Gu Zehui Wang Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example Agronomy karst soil moisture soil nutrients agroforestry |
| title | Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example |
| title_full | Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example |
| title_fullStr | Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example |
| title_short | Soil Moisture and Nutrient Changes of Agroforestry in Karst Plateau Mountain: A Monitoring Example |
| title_sort | soil moisture and nutrient changes of agroforestry in karst plateau mountain a monitoring example |
| topic | karst soil moisture soil nutrients agroforestry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/94 |
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