Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest
Nighttime vegetative uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) can exist due to the incomplete closure of stomata and the light independence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which complicates the use of COS as a tracer for gross primary productivity (GPP). In this study we derived nighttime COS fluxes in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11453/2017/acp-17-11453-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819094050406400000 |
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| author | L. M. J. Kooijmans K. Maseyk U. Seibt W. Sun T. Vesala T. Vesala I. Mammarella P. Kolari J. Aalto J. Aalto A. Franchin A. Franchin R. Vecchi G. Valli H. Chen H. Chen |
| author_facet | L. M. J. Kooijmans K. Maseyk U. Seibt W. Sun T. Vesala T. Vesala I. Mammarella P. Kolari J. Aalto J. Aalto A. Franchin A. Franchin R. Vecchi G. Valli H. Chen H. Chen |
| author_sort | L. M. J. Kooijmans |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nighttime vegetative uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) can exist due to the
incomplete closure of stomata and the light independence of the enzyme
carbonic anhydrase, which complicates the use of COS as a tracer for gross
primary productivity (GPP). In this study we derived nighttime COS fluxes in
a boreal forest (the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland; 61°51′ N,
24°17′ E; 181 m a.s.l.) from June to November 2015 using two
different methods: eddy-covariance (EC) measurements (<i>F</i><sub>COS-EC</sub>)
and the radon-tracer method (<i>F</i><sub>COS-Rn</sub>). The total nighttime COS
fluxes averaged over the whole measurement period were −6.8 ± 2.2 and
−7.9 ± 3.8 pmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for <i>F</i><sub>COS-Rn</sub> and
<i>F</i><sub>COS-EC</sub>, respectively, which is 33–38 % of the average daytime fluxes and 21 % of the total daily COS uptake. The correlation of
<sup>222</sup>Rn (of which the source is the soil) with COS (average
<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.58) was lower than with CO<sub>2</sub> (0.70), suggesting that the main sink of COS is not located at the ground. These observations are supported by soil chamber measurements that show that soil contributes to only 34–40 % of the total nighttime COS uptake. We found a decrease in COS uptake with decreasing nighttime stomatal conductance and increasing vapor-pressure deficit and air temperature, driven by stomatal closure in response to a warm and dry period in August. We also discuss the effect that canopy layer mixing can have on the radon-tracer method and the sensitivity of (<i>F</i><sub>COS-EC</sub>) to atmospheric turbulence. Our results suggest that the nighttime uptake of COS is mainly driven by the tree foliage and is significant in a boreal forest, such that it needs to be taken into account when using COS as a tracer for GPP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:21:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3e283571a164773a491b3fb13bd52e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T23:21:14Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3e283571a164773a491b3fb13bd52e22022-12-21T18:46:47ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242017-09-0117114531146510.5194/acp-17-11453-2017Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forestL. M. J. Kooijmans0K. Maseyk1U. Seibt2W. Sun3T. Vesala4T. Vesala5I. Mammarella6P. Kolari7J. Aalto8J. Aalto9A. Franchin10A. Franchin11R. Vecchi12G. Valli13H. Chen14H. Chen15Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsSchool of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UKDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USADepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandSMEAR II, Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station, University of Helsinki, Korkeakoski, FinlandDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USADepartment of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, Milan, ItalyCentre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, the NetherlandsCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USANighttime vegetative uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) can exist due to the incomplete closure of stomata and the light independence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which complicates the use of COS as a tracer for gross primary productivity (GPP). In this study we derived nighttime COS fluxes in a boreal forest (the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland; 61°51′ N, 24°17′ E; 181 m a.s.l.) from June to November 2015 using two different methods: eddy-covariance (EC) measurements (<i>F</i><sub>COS-EC</sub>) and the radon-tracer method (<i>F</i><sub>COS-Rn</sub>). The total nighttime COS fluxes averaged over the whole measurement period were −6.8 ± 2.2 and −7.9 ± 3.8 pmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for <i>F</i><sub>COS-Rn</sub> and <i>F</i><sub>COS-EC</sub>, respectively, which is 33–38 % of the average daytime fluxes and 21 % of the total daily COS uptake. The correlation of <sup>222</sup>Rn (of which the source is the soil) with COS (average <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.58) was lower than with CO<sub>2</sub> (0.70), suggesting that the main sink of COS is not located at the ground. These observations are supported by soil chamber measurements that show that soil contributes to only 34–40 % of the total nighttime COS uptake. We found a decrease in COS uptake with decreasing nighttime stomatal conductance and increasing vapor-pressure deficit and air temperature, driven by stomatal closure in response to a warm and dry period in August. We also discuss the effect that canopy layer mixing can have on the radon-tracer method and the sensitivity of (<i>F</i><sub>COS-EC</sub>) to atmospheric turbulence. Our results suggest that the nighttime uptake of COS is mainly driven by the tree foliage and is significant in a boreal forest, such that it needs to be taken into account when using COS as a tracer for GPP.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11453/2017/acp-17-11453-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. M. J. Kooijmans K. Maseyk U. Seibt W. Sun T. Vesala T. Vesala I. Mammarella P. Kolari J. Aalto J. Aalto A. Franchin A. Franchin R. Vecchi G. Valli H. Chen H. Chen Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest |
| title_full | Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest |
| title_fullStr | Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest |
| title_short | Canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest |
| title_sort | canopy uptake dominates nighttime carbonyl sulfide fluxes in a boreal forest |
| url | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/11453/2017/acp-17-11453-2017.pdf |
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