Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes
Mosquito-borne viruses of the <i>Flavivirus</i> genus (<i>Flaviviridae</i> family) pose an ongoing threat to global public health. For example, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses are transmitted by infected mosquitoes and cause severe and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2116 |
| _version_ | 1797508233188868096 |
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| author | Ahmed M. E. Elrefaey Philippa Hollinghurst Christine M. Reitmayer Luke Alphey Kevin Maringer |
| author_facet | Ahmed M. E. Elrefaey Philippa Hollinghurst Christine M. Reitmayer Luke Alphey Kevin Maringer |
| author_sort | Ahmed M. E. Elrefaey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mosquito-borne viruses of the <i>Flavivirus</i> genus (<i>Flaviviridae</i> family) pose an ongoing threat to global public health. For example, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses are transmitted by infected mosquitoes and cause severe and fatal diseases in humans. The means by which mosquito-borne flaviviruses establish persistent infection in mosquitoes and cause disease in humans are complex and depend upon a myriad of virus-host interactions, such as those of the innate immune system, which are the main focus of our review. This review also covers the different strategies utilized by mosquito-borne flaviviruses to antagonize the innate immune response in humans and mosquitoes. Given the lack of antiviral therapeutics for mosquito-borne flaviviruses, improving our understanding of these virus-immune interactions could lead to new antiviral therapies and strategies for developing refractory vectors incapable of transmitting these viruses, and can also provide insights into determinants of viral tropism that influence virus emergence into new species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3eddaeca9c4426c9fa588660cf1a54b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3eddaeca9c4426c9fa588660cf1a54b2023-11-23T01:55:05ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-10-011311211610.3390/v13112116Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and MosquitoesAhmed M. E. Elrefaey0Philippa Hollinghurst1Christine M. Reitmayer2Luke Alphey3Kevin Maringer4The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UKMosquito-borne viruses of the <i>Flavivirus</i> genus (<i>Flaviviridae</i> family) pose an ongoing threat to global public health. For example, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses are transmitted by infected mosquitoes and cause severe and fatal diseases in humans. The means by which mosquito-borne flaviviruses establish persistent infection in mosquitoes and cause disease in humans are complex and depend upon a myriad of virus-host interactions, such as those of the innate immune system, which are the main focus of our review. This review also covers the different strategies utilized by mosquito-borne flaviviruses to antagonize the innate immune response in humans and mosquitoes. Given the lack of antiviral therapeutics for mosquito-borne flaviviruses, improving our understanding of these virus-immune interactions could lead to new antiviral therapies and strategies for developing refractory vectors incapable of transmitting these viruses, and can also provide insights into determinants of viral tropism that influence virus emergence into new species.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2116flavivirusarbovirusinnate immune signalinghumansmosquitoesimmune antagonism |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed M. E. Elrefaey Philippa Hollinghurst Christine M. Reitmayer Luke Alphey Kevin Maringer Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes Viruses flavivirus arbovirus innate immune signaling humans mosquitoes immune antagonism |
| title | Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes |
| title_full | Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes |
| title_fullStr | Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes |
| title_short | Innate Immune Antagonism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses in Humans and Mosquitoes |
| title_sort | innate immune antagonism of mosquito borne flaviviruses in humans and mosquitoes |
| topic | flavivirus arbovirus innate immune signaling humans mosquitoes immune antagonism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2116 |
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