A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting
The Palais-Smale condition was introduced by Palais and Smale in the mid-sixties and applied to an extension of Morse theory to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Later this condition was extended by Palais for the more general case of real functions over Banach-Finsler manifolds in order to obtai...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Odesa National University of Technology
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Pracì Mìžnarodnogo Geometričnogo Centru |
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| Online Access: | http:////journals.onaft.edu.ua/index.php/geometry/article/view/915 |
| _version_ | 1828194454860726272 |
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| author | Kaveh Eftekharinasab |
| author_facet | Kaveh Eftekharinasab |
| author_sort | Kaveh Eftekharinasab |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Palais-Smale condition was introduced by Palais and Smale in the mid-sixties and applied to an extension of Morse theory to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Later this condition was extended by Palais for the more general case of real functions over Banach-Finsler manifolds in order to obtain Lusternik-Schnirelman theory in this setting. Despite the importance of Fr\'{e}chet spaces, critical point theories have not been developed yet in these spaces.
Our aim in this paper is to extend the Palais-Smale condition to the cases of $C^1$-functionals on Fr\'{e}chet spaces and Fr\'{e}chet-Finsler manifolds of class $C^1$.
The difficulty in the Fr\'{e}chet setting is the lack of a general solvability theory for differential equations. This restricts us to adapt the deformation results (which are essential tools to locate critical points) as they appear as solutions of Cauchy problems. However, Ekeland proved the result, today is known as Ekleand’s variational principle, concerning the existence of almost-minimums for a wide class of real functions on complete metric spaces. This principle can be used to obtain minimizing Palais-Smale sequences. We use this principle along with the introduced conditions to obtain some customary results concerning the existence of minima in the Fr\'{e}chet setting.
Recently it has been developed the projective limit techniques to overcome problems (such as solvability theory for differential equations) with Fr\'{e}chet spaces. The idea of this approach is to represent a Fr\'{e}chet space as the projective limit of Banach spaces. This approach provides solutions for a wide class of differential equations and every Fr\'{e}chet space and therefore can be used to obtain deformation results. This method would be the proper framework for further development of critical point theory in the Fr\'{e}chet setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:25:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3ee32f78de14148ad7a88180cabd78e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-9812 2409-8906 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T09:25:16Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Odesa National University of Technology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pracì Mìžnarodnogo Geometričnogo Centru |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3ee32f78de14148ad7a88180cabd78e2022-12-22T03:38:30ZengOdesa National University of TechnologyPracì Mìžnarodnogo Geometričnogo Centru2072-98122409-89062018-03-0111110.15673/tmgc.v11i1.915915A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space settingKaveh Eftekharinasab0Institute of mathematics of NAS of UkraineThe Palais-Smale condition was introduced by Palais and Smale in the mid-sixties and applied to an extension of Morse theory to infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Later this condition was extended by Palais for the more general case of real functions over Banach-Finsler manifolds in order to obtain Lusternik-Schnirelman theory in this setting. Despite the importance of Fr\'{e}chet spaces, critical point theories have not been developed yet in these spaces. Our aim in this paper is to extend the Palais-Smale condition to the cases of $C^1$-functionals on Fr\'{e}chet spaces and Fr\'{e}chet-Finsler manifolds of class $C^1$. The difficulty in the Fr\'{e}chet setting is the lack of a general solvability theory for differential equations. This restricts us to adapt the deformation results (which are essential tools to locate critical points) as they appear as solutions of Cauchy problems. However, Ekeland proved the result, today is known as Ekleand’s variational principle, concerning the existence of almost-minimums for a wide class of real functions on complete metric spaces. This principle can be used to obtain minimizing Palais-Smale sequences. We use this principle along with the introduced conditions to obtain some customary results concerning the existence of minima in the Fr\'{e}chet setting. Recently it has been developed the projective limit techniques to overcome problems (such as solvability theory for differential equations) with Fr\'{e}chet spaces. The idea of this approach is to represent a Fr\'{e}chet space as the projective limit of Banach spaces. This approach provides solutions for a wide class of differential equations and every Fr\'{e}chet space and therefore can be used to obtain deformation results. This method would be the proper framework for further development of critical point theory in the Fr\'{e}chet setting.//journals.onaft.edu.ua/index.php/geometry/article/view/915The Palais-Smale conditionFr\’{e}chet-Finsler manifoldEkelend's variational principle |
| spellingShingle | Kaveh Eftekharinasab A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting Pracì Mìžnarodnogo Geometričnogo Centru The Palais-Smale condition Fr\’{e}chet-Finsler manifold Ekelend's variational principle |
| title | A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting |
| title_full | A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting |
| title_fullStr | A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting |
| title_short | A Generalized Palais-Smale Condition in the Fr\'{e}chet space setting |
| title_sort | generalized palais smale condition in the fr e chet space setting |
| topic | The Palais-Smale condition Fr\’{e}chet-Finsler manifold Ekelend's variational principle |
| url | http:////journals.onaft.edu.ua/index.php/geometry/article/view/915 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaveheftekharinasab ageneralizedpalaissmaleconditioninthefrechetspacesetting AT kaveheftekharinasab generalizedpalaissmaleconditioninthefrechetspacesetting |