Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence
An interesting factor explaining recurrence risk in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) may be neuropsychological functioning, i.e., processing of emotional stimuli/information. Negatively biased processing of emotional stimuli/information has been found in both acute and (inconclusively) remitted state...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00145/full |
| _version_ | 1818526826848321536 |
|---|---|
| author | Henricus G. Ruhe Henricus G. Ruhe Henricus G. Ruhe Roel J. T. Mocking Caroline A. Figueroa Caroline A. Figueroa Paulien W. J. Seeverens Nessa Ikani Nessa Ikani Nessa Ikani Anna Tyborowska Anna Tyborowska Anna Tyborowska Michael Browning Janna N. Vrijsen Janna N. Vrijsen Janna N. Vrijsen Catherine J. Harmer Aart H. Schene Aart H. Schene |
| author_facet | Henricus G. Ruhe Henricus G. Ruhe Henricus G. Ruhe Roel J. T. Mocking Caroline A. Figueroa Caroline A. Figueroa Paulien W. J. Seeverens Nessa Ikani Nessa Ikani Nessa Ikani Anna Tyborowska Anna Tyborowska Anna Tyborowska Michael Browning Janna N. Vrijsen Janna N. Vrijsen Janna N. Vrijsen Catherine J. Harmer Aart H. Schene Aart H. Schene |
| author_sort | Henricus G. Ruhe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An interesting factor explaining recurrence risk in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) may be neuropsychological functioning, i.e., processing of emotional stimuli/information. Negatively biased processing of emotional stimuli/information has been found in both acute and (inconclusively) remitted states of MDD, and may be causally related to recurrence of depression. We aimed to investigate self-referent, memory and interpretation biases in recurrently depressed patients in remission and relate these biases to recurrence. We included 69 remitted recurrent MDD-patients (rrMDD-patients), 35–65 years, with ≥2 episodes, voluntarily free of antidepressant maintenance therapy for at least 4 weeks. We tested self-referent biases with an emotional categorization task, bias in emotional memory by free recall of the emotion categorization task 15 min after completing it, and interpretation bias with a facial expression recognition task. We compared these participants with 43 never-depressed controls matched for age, sex and intelligence. We followed the rrMDD-patients for 2.5 years and assessed recurrent depressive episodes by structured interview. The rrMDD-patients showed biases toward emotionally negative stimuli, faster responses to negative self-relevant characteristics in the emotional categorization, better recognition of sad faces, worse recognition of neutral faces with more misclassifications as angry or disgusting faces and less misclassifications as neutral faces (0.001 < p < 0.05). Of these, the number of misclassifications as angry and the overall performance in the emotional memory task were significantly associated with the time to recurrence (p ≤ 0.04), independent of residual symptoms and number of previous episodes. In a support vector machine data-driven model, prediction of recurrence-status could best be achieved (relative to observed recurrence-rate) with demographic and childhood adversity parameters (accuracy 78.1%; 1-sided p = 0.002); neuropsychological tests could not improve this prediction. Our data suggests a persisting (mood-incongruent) emotional bias when patients with recurrent depression are in remission. Moreover, these persisting biases might be mechanistically important for recurrence and prevention thereof. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:28:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3f184aba63a45a8adc62aaf511f4ee8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:28:14Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3f184aba63a45a8adc62aaf511f4ee82022-12-22T01:17:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402019-03-011010.3389/fpsyt.2019.00145422265Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for RecurrenceHenricus G. Ruhe0Henricus G. Ruhe1Henricus G. Ruhe2Roel J. T. Mocking3Caroline A. Figueroa4Caroline A. Figueroa5Paulien W. J. Seeverens6Nessa Ikani7Nessa Ikani8Nessa Ikani9Anna Tyborowska10Anna Tyborowska11Anna Tyborowska12Michael Browning13Janna N. Vrijsen14Janna N. Vrijsen15Janna N. Vrijsen16Catherine J. Harmer17Aart H. Schene18Aart H. Schene19Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Psychiatry, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, NetherlandsProPersona Mental Health Care, Depression Expertise Center, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsProPersona Mental Health Care, Depression Expertise Center, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, NetherlandsDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NetherlandsAn interesting factor explaining recurrence risk in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) may be neuropsychological functioning, i.e., processing of emotional stimuli/information. Negatively biased processing of emotional stimuli/information has been found in both acute and (inconclusively) remitted states of MDD, and may be causally related to recurrence of depression. We aimed to investigate self-referent, memory and interpretation biases in recurrently depressed patients in remission and relate these biases to recurrence. We included 69 remitted recurrent MDD-patients (rrMDD-patients), 35–65 years, with ≥2 episodes, voluntarily free of antidepressant maintenance therapy for at least 4 weeks. We tested self-referent biases with an emotional categorization task, bias in emotional memory by free recall of the emotion categorization task 15 min after completing it, and interpretation bias with a facial expression recognition task. We compared these participants with 43 never-depressed controls matched for age, sex and intelligence. We followed the rrMDD-patients for 2.5 years and assessed recurrent depressive episodes by structured interview. The rrMDD-patients showed biases toward emotionally negative stimuli, faster responses to negative self-relevant characteristics in the emotional categorization, better recognition of sad faces, worse recognition of neutral faces with more misclassifications as angry or disgusting faces and less misclassifications as neutral faces (0.001 < p < 0.05). Of these, the number of misclassifications as angry and the overall performance in the emotional memory task were significantly associated with the time to recurrence (p ≤ 0.04), independent of residual symptoms and number of previous episodes. In a support vector machine data-driven model, prediction of recurrence-status could best be achieved (relative to observed recurrence-rate) with demographic and childhood adversity parameters (accuracy 78.1%; 1-sided p = 0.002); neuropsychological tests could not improve this prediction. Our data suggests a persisting (mood-incongruent) emotional bias when patients with recurrent depression are in remission. Moreover, these persisting biases might be mechanistically important for recurrence and prevention thereof.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00145/fullmajor depressive disorderremissionrelapserecurrenceemotional biasprediction |
| spellingShingle | Henricus G. Ruhe Henricus G. Ruhe Henricus G. Ruhe Roel J. T. Mocking Caroline A. Figueroa Caroline A. Figueroa Paulien W. J. Seeverens Nessa Ikani Nessa Ikani Nessa Ikani Anna Tyborowska Anna Tyborowska Anna Tyborowska Michael Browning Janna N. Vrijsen Janna N. Vrijsen Janna N. Vrijsen Catherine J. Harmer Aart H. Schene Aart H. Schene Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence Frontiers in Psychiatry major depressive disorder remission relapse recurrence emotional bias prediction |
| title | Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence |
| title_full | Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence |
| title_fullStr | Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence |
| title_short | Emotional Biases and Recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. Results of 2.5 Years Follow-Up of Drug-Free Cohort Vulnerable for Recurrence |
| title_sort | emotional biases and recurrence in major depressive disorder results of 2 5 years follow up of drug free cohort vulnerable for recurrence |
| topic | major depressive disorder remission relapse recurrence emotional bias prediction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00145/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT henricusgruhe emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT henricusgruhe emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT henricusgruhe emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT roeljtmocking emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT carolineafigueroa emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT carolineafigueroa emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT paulienwjseeverens emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT nessaikani emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT nessaikani emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT nessaikani emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT annatyborowska emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT annatyborowska emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT annatyborowska emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT michaelbrowning emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT jannanvrijsen emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT jannanvrijsen emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT jannanvrijsen emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT catherinejharmer emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT aarthschene emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence AT aarthschene emotionalbiasesandrecurrenceinmajordepressivedisorderresultsof25yearsfollowupofdrugfreecohortvulnerableforrecurrence |