Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles
The end-of-life event of the battery system of an electric vehicle is defined by a fixed end-of-life threshold value. However, this kind of end-of-life threshold does not capture the application and battery characteristics and, consequently, it has a low accuracy in describing the real end-of-life e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/1/12 |
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| author | Mikel Arrinda Mikel Oyarbide Haritz Macicior Eñaut Muxika Hartmut Popp Marcus Jahn Boschidar Ganev Iosu Cendoya |
| author_facet | Mikel Arrinda Mikel Oyarbide Haritz Macicior Eñaut Muxika Hartmut Popp Marcus Jahn Boschidar Ganev Iosu Cendoya |
| author_sort | Mikel Arrinda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The end-of-life event of the battery system of an electric vehicle is defined by a fixed end-of-life threshold value. However, this kind of end-of-life threshold does not capture the application and battery characteristics and, consequently, it has a low accuracy in describing the real end-of-life event. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to determine the end-of-life threshold that describes accurately the end-of-life event. The proposed methodology can be divided into three phases. In the first phase, the health indicators that represent the aging behavior of the battery are defined. In the second phase, the application specifications and battery characteristics are evaluated to generate the end-of-life criteria. Finally, in the third phase, the simulation environment used to calculate the end-of-life threshold is designed. In this third phase, the electric-thermal behavior of the battery at different aging conditions is simulated using an electro-thermal equivalent circuit model. The proposed methodology is applied to a high-energy electric vehicle application and to a high-power electric vehicle application. The stated hypotheses and the calculated end-of-life threshold of the high-energy application are empirically validated. The study shows that commonly assumed 80 or 70% EOL thresholds could lead to mayor under or over lifespan estimations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:46:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3f4aab5258a4b12818d3c393cc7535b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:46:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3f4aab5258a4b12818d3c393cc7535b2023-12-03T13:15:28ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052021-02-01711210.3390/batteries7010012Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric VehiclesMikel Arrinda0Mikel Oyarbide1Haritz Macicior2Eñaut Muxika3Hartmut Popp4Marcus Jahn5Boschidar Ganev6Iosu Cendoya7CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainDepartment of Electronics and Computer Science, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Arrasate, 20500 Gipuzkoa, SpainAIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Low-Emission Transport, 1210 Vienna, AustriaAIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Low-Emission Transport, 1210 Vienna, AustriaAIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Low-Emission Transport, 1210 Vienna, AustriaCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainThe end-of-life event of the battery system of an electric vehicle is defined by a fixed end-of-life threshold value. However, this kind of end-of-life threshold does not capture the application and battery characteristics and, consequently, it has a low accuracy in describing the real end-of-life event. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to determine the end-of-life threshold that describes accurately the end-of-life event. The proposed methodology can be divided into three phases. In the first phase, the health indicators that represent the aging behavior of the battery are defined. In the second phase, the application specifications and battery characteristics are evaluated to generate the end-of-life criteria. Finally, in the third phase, the simulation environment used to calculate the end-of-life threshold is designed. In this third phase, the electric-thermal behavior of the battery at different aging conditions is simulated using an electro-thermal equivalent circuit model. The proposed methodology is applied to a high-energy electric vehicle application and to a high-power electric vehicle application. The stated hypotheses and the calculated end-of-life threshold of the high-energy application are empirically validated. The study shows that commonly assumed 80 or 70% EOL thresholds could lead to mayor under or over lifespan estimations.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/1/12end of lifelithium ion batterysimulation approachelectro-thermal modelelectric vehicle |
| spellingShingle | Mikel Arrinda Mikel Oyarbide Haritz Macicior Eñaut Muxika Hartmut Popp Marcus Jahn Boschidar Ganev Iosu Cendoya Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles Batteries end of life lithium ion battery simulation approach electro-thermal model electric vehicle |
| title | Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles |
| title_full | Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles |
| title_short | Application Dependent End-of-Life Threshold Definition Methodology for Batteries in Electric Vehicles |
| title_sort | application dependent end of life threshold definition methodology for batteries in electric vehicles |
| topic | end of life lithium ion battery simulation approach electro-thermal model electric vehicle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/7/1/12 |
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