A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy
The focus on renewable energy is increasing globally to lessen reliance on conventional sources and fossil fuels. For renewable energy systems to work at their best and produce the desired results, precise feedback control is required. Microbial electrochemical cells (MEC) are a relatively new techn...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Fractal and Fractional |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/6/12/736 |
| _version_ | 1797458274271887360 |
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| author | Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Rabia Liaquat Mohsin Rizwan Carlos Martin-Barreiro Víctor Leiva |
| author_facet | Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Rabia Liaquat Mohsin Rizwan Carlos Martin-Barreiro Víctor Leiva |
| author_sort | Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The focus on renewable energy is increasing globally to lessen reliance on conventional sources and fossil fuels. For renewable energy systems to work at their best and produce the desired results, precise feedback control is required. Microbial electrochemical cells (MEC) are a relatively new technology for renewable energy. In this study, we design and implement a model-based robust controller for a continuous MEC reactor. We compare its performance with those of traditional methods involving a proportional integral derivative (PID), H-infinity (H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) controller and PID controller tuned by intelligent genetic algorithms. Recently, a dynamic model of a MEC continuous reactor was proposed, which describes the complex dynamics of MEC through a set of nonlinear differential equations. Until now, no model-based control approaches for MEC have been proposed. For optimal and robust output control of a continuous-reactor MEC system, we linearize the model to state a linear time-invariant (LTI) state-space representation at the nominal operating point. The LTI model is used to design four different types of controllers. The designed controllers and systems are simulated, and their performances are evaluated and compared for various operating conditions. Our findings show that a structured linear fractional transformation (LFT)-based H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control approach is much better than the other approaches against various performance parameters. The study provides numerous possibilities for control applications of continuous MEC reactor processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:34:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e3fb13b87c254f46a11b51b34e3d322d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-3110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:34:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fractal and Fractional |
| spelling | doaj.art-e3fb13b87c254f46a11b51b34e3d322d2023-11-24T14:57:48ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102022-12-0161273610.3390/fractalfract6120736A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable EnergyMuhammad Zia Ur Rahman0Rabia Liaquat1Mohsin Rizwan2Carlos Martin-Barreiro3Víctor Leiva4Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanU.S.-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore 54890, PakistanFaculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Guayaquil 090902, EcuadorSchool of Industrial Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362807, ChileThe focus on renewable energy is increasing globally to lessen reliance on conventional sources and fossil fuels. For renewable energy systems to work at their best and produce the desired results, precise feedback control is required. Microbial electrochemical cells (MEC) are a relatively new technology for renewable energy. In this study, we design and implement a model-based robust controller for a continuous MEC reactor. We compare its performance with those of traditional methods involving a proportional integral derivative (PID), H-infinity (H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) controller and PID controller tuned by intelligent genetic algorithms. Recently, a dynamic model of a MEC continuous reactor was proposed, which describes the complex dynamics of MEC through a set of nonlinear differential equations. Until now, no model-based control approaches for MEC have been proposed. For optimal and robust output control of a continuous-reactor MEC system, we linearize the model to state a linear time-invariant (LTI) state-space representation at the nominal operating point. The LTI model is used to design four different types of controllers. The designed controllers and systems are simulated, and their performances are evaluated and compared for various operating conditions. Our findings show that a structured linear fractional transformation (LFT)-based H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mo>∞</mo></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> control approach is much better than the other approaches against various performance parameters. The study provides numerous possibilities for control applications of continuous MEC reactor processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/6/12/736biological hydrogencontinuous microbial electrolysis cell reactorfractional transformationsgenetic algorithmH∞ control theorynon-smooth H∞ optimization |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Rabia Liaquat Mohsin Rizwan Carlos Martin-Barreiro Víctor Leiva A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy Fractal and Fractional biological hydrogen continuous microbial electrolysis cell reactor fractional transformations genetic algorithm H∞ control theory non-smooth H∞ optimization |
| title | A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy |
| title_full | A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy |
| title_fullStr | A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy |
| title_short | A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy |
| title_sort | robust controller of a reactor electromicrobial system based on a structured fractional transformation for renewable energy |
| topic | biological hydrogen continuous microbial electrolysis cell reactor fractional transformations genetic algorithm H∞ control theory non-smooth H∞ optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/6/12/736 |
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