Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells
Chrysin is a flavonoid found abundantly in substances, such as honey and phytochemicals, and is known to exhibit anticancer effects against various cancer cells. Nevertheless, the anticancer effect of chrysin against oral cancer has not yet been verified. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying autoph...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15747 |
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| author | Gi-Hwan Jung Jae-Han Lee So-Hee Han Joong-Seok Woo Eun-Young Choi Su-Ji Jeon Eun-Ji Han Soo-Hyun Jung Young-Seok Park Byung-Kwon Park Byeong-Soo Kim Sang-Ki Kim Ji-Youn Jung |
| author_facet | Gi-Hwan Jung Jae-Han Lee So-Hee Han Joong-Seok Woo Eun-Young Choi Su-Ji Jeon Eun-Ji Han Soo-Hyun Jung Young-Seok Park Byung-Kwon Park Byeong-Soo Kim Sang-Ki Kim Ji-Youn Jung |
| author_sort | Gi-Hwan Jung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chrysin is a flavonoid found abundantly in substances, such as honey and phytochemicals, and is known to exhibit anticancer effects against various cancer cells. Nevertheless, the anticancer effect of chrysin against oral cancer has not yet been verified. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying autophagy is yet to be clearly elucidated. Thus, this study investigated chrysin-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC-3) cells. The change in MC-3 cell viability was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay, as well as 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, annexin V, and propidium iodide staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the proteins related to apoptosis and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In addition, the presence or absence of autophagy and changes in the expression of related proteins were investigated using acridine orange staining and Western blot. The results suggested that chrysin induced apoptosis and autophagy in MC-3 oral cancer cells via the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Moreover, the induced autophagy exerted a cytoprotective effect against apoptosis. Thus, the further reduced cell viability due to autophagy as well as apoptosis induction highlight therapeutic potential of chrysin for oral cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:20:11Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e40b73c646b14da3993f82ef5774738b |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:20:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e40b73c646b14da3993f82ef5774738b2023-11-24T15:27:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-0123241574710.3390/ijms232415747Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 CellsGi-Hwan Jung0Jae-Han Lee1So-Hee Han2Joong-Seok Woo3Eun-Young Choi4Su-Ji Jeon5Eun-Ji Han6Soo-Hyun Jung7Young-Seok Park8Byung-Kwon Park9Byeong-Soo Kim10Sang-Ki Kim11Ji-Youn Jung12Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Daehak-ro, Yesan-gun 32439, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of KoreaChrysin is a flavonoid found abundantly in substances, such as honey and phytochemicals, and is known to exhibit anticancer effects against various cancer cells. Nevertheless, the anticancer effect of chrysin against oral cancer has not yet been verified. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying autophagy is yet to be clearly elucidated. Thus, this study investigated chrysin-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC-3) cells. The change in MC-3 cell viability was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay, as well as 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, annexin V, and propidium iodide staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the proteins related to apoptosis and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In addition, the presence or absence of autophagy and changes in the expression of related proteins were investigated using acridine orange staining and Western blot. The results suggested that chrysin induced apoptosis and autophagy in MC-3 oral cancer cells via the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Moreover, the induced autophagy exerted a cytoprotective effect against apoptosis. Thus, the further reduced cell viability due to autophagy as well as apoptosis induction highlight therapeutic potential of chrysin for oral cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15747chrysinapoptosisautophagymucoepidermoid carcinomaoral cancer |
| spellingShingle | Gi-Hwan Jung Jae-Han Lee So-Hee Han Joong-Seok Woo Eun-Young Choi Su-Ji Jeon Eun-Ji Han Soo-Hyun Jung Young-Seok Park Byung-Kwon Park Byeong-Soo Kim Sang-Ki Kim Ji-Youn Jung Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences chrysin apoptosis autophagy mucoepidermoid carcinoma oral cancer |
| title | Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells |
| title_full | Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells |
| title_short | Chrysin Induces Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway and Regulates ERK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in MC-3 Cells |
| title_sort | chrysin induces apoptosis via the mapk pathway and regulates erk mtor mediated autophagy in mc 3 cells |
| topic | chrysin apoptosis autophagy mucoepidermoid carcinoma oral cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/24/15747 |
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