Chemodiversity and Bioactivity of the Essential Oils of <i>Juniperus</i> and Implication for Taxonomy
The essential oils of <i>Juniperus</i> are highly beneficial medicinally. The present study aimed to assess the chemodiversity and bioactivity of <i>Juniperus formosana</i>, <i>Juniperus przewalskii</i>, <i>Juniperus convallium</i>, <i>Juniperus...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/20/15203 |
| Summary: | The essential oils of <i>Juniperus</i> are highly beneficial medicinally. The present study aimed to assess the chemodiversity and bioactivity of <i>Juniperus formosana</i>, <i>Juniperus przewalskii</i>, <i>Juniperus convallium</i>, <i>Juniperus tibetica</i>, <i>Juniperus komarovii</i>, and <i>Juniperus sabina</i> essential oils from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results revealed 92 components in six essential oils: α-pinene (2.71–17.31%), sabinene (4.91–19.83%), and sylvestrene (1.84–8.58%) were the main components. Twelve components were firstly reported in <i>Juniperus</i> oils, indicating that the geographical location and climatic conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau produced the unique characteristics of <i>Juniperus</i> essential oils. The chemodiversity of <i>Juniperus</i> essential oils varied greatly, with <i>J. sabina</i> having the most recognized components (<b>64</b>) and the highest chemodiversity (Shannon–Wiener index of 3.07, Simpson’s diversity index of 0.91, and Pielou evenness of 0.74). According to the chemodiversity of essential oils, the six plants were decided into the α-pinene chemotype (<i>J. formosana</i>), hedycaryol chemotype (<i>J. przewalskii</i>, <i>J. komarovii</i>, <i>J. convallium</i>, <i>J. tibetica</i>), and sabinene chemotype (<i>J. sabina</i>). PCA, HCA and OPLS-DA showed that <i>J. formosana</i> and <i>J. sabina</i> were distantly related to other plants, which provides a chemical basis for the classification of <i>Juniperus</i> plants. Furthermore, bioactivity tests exhibited certain antioxidant and antibacterial effects in six <i>Juniperus oils</i>. And the bioactivities of <i>J. convallium</i>, <i>J. tibetica</i>, and <i>J. komarovvii</i> were measured for the first time, broadening the range of applications of <i>Juniperus</i>. Correlation analysis of components and bioactivities showed that δ-amorphene, β-udesmol, α-muurolol, and 2-nonanone performed well in the determination of antioxidant activity, and α-pinene, camphene, β-myrcene, as well as (E)-thujone, had strong inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria, providing a theoretical basis for further research on these components. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |