Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is a relatively rare malignancy worldwide but is the second commonest gastrointestinal cancer in Pakistani women. Gallstones have a positive association with GC but other factors also influence in causation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2011-12-01
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| Series: | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.wjso.com/content/9/1/164 |
| _version_ | 1818144816106569728 |
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| author | Alvi A Rehman Siddiqui Nadeem Zafar Hasnain |
| author_facet | Alvi A Rehman Siddiqui Nadeem Zafar Hasnain |
| author_sort | Alvi A Rehman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is a relatively rare malignancy worldwide but is the second commonest gastrointestinal cancer in Pakistani women. Gallstones have a positive association with GC but other factors also influence in causation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a retrospective case control study over a period of 19 years. The cases (Group A) were patients with histopathological proven carcinoma gallbladder (N = 60) and controls were patients with cholelithiasis but no carcinoma gallbladder on histopathology (N = 120). Multivariate regression analysis was done to calculate the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-Value. A positive relationship was found between size of stone > 1 cm, solitary stone, age > 55 years and multi-parity in women.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 60 patients in Group A and 120 patients in Group B. mean age of diagnosis in Group A patients was 57 ± 2.4 years while mean age of diagnosis in Group B patients was 48 ± 1.35 years. Sixty seven percent of cancer group patients were female as compared to 78% females in non-cancer group. In Group A, 69% of female patients were multiparous (parity of more than 5) while 43% of group B patients were multiparous. For body mass index (BMI), both groups were not very different in our study population i.e. around 78% patients in each group has BMI of more than 23 Kg/m2. In Group A, 37% (n = 22) have solitary stones as compared to 15% (n = 18) in group B. similarly Group A patients has larger stone size as compared to Group B i.e.59% (n = 36) patients in Group A have stones of more than 1 cm when compared to 35% (n = 41) patients in Group B. After using multivariate regression analysis, age more than 55 years (OR - 7.27, p value- < 0.001), solitary stone (OR - 3.33, p value - 0.002) and stone of more than 1 cm (OR - 2.73, p value - 0.004) were found to be independent risk factors for development of gallbladder cancer.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Most of the patients (78%) with GC were female, and the statistically significant risk factors were older age, solitary stones and stones size more than one centimeter. A case can be made for prophylactic cholecystectomy in such a high risk group. However a population based study is required to calculate the true incidence of GC in Karachi and a prospective multi center study is needed to produce strong evidence for screening and prophylactic cholecystectomy.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>As this was a retrospective review of medical records, as per institution policy, its gives waiver from any registration (ethical/trial).</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:53:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e40e9e5119e04c8d919647fcde6ed9fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1477-7819 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T11:53:34Z |
| publishDate | 2011-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e40e9e5119e04c8d919647fcde6ed9fe2022-12-22T01:08:17ZengBMCWorld Journal of Surgical Oncology1477-78192011-12-019116410.1186/1477-7819-9-164Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control studyAlvi A RehmanSiddiqui NadeemZafar Hasnain<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is a relatively rare malignancy worldwide but is the second commonest gastrointestinal cancer in Pakistani women. Gallstones have a positive association with GC but other factors also influence in causation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a retrospective case control study over a period of 19 years. The cases (Group A) were patients with histopathological proven carcinoma gallbladder (N = 60) and controls were patients with cholelithiasis but no carcinoma gallbladder on histopathology (N = 120). Multivariate regression analysis was done to calculate the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-Value. A positive relationship was found between size of stone > 1 cm, solitary stone, age > 55 years and multi-parity in women.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 60 patients in Group A and 120 patients in Group B. mean age of diagnosis in Group A patients was 57 ± 2.4 years while mean age of diagnosis in Group B patients was 48 ± 1.35 years. Sixty seven percent of cancer group patients were female as compared to 78% females in non-cancer group. In Group A, 69% of female patients were multiparous (parity of more than 5) while 43% of group B patients were multiparous. For body mass index (BMI), both groups were not very different in our study population i.e. around 78% patients in each group has BMI of more than 23 Kg/m2. In Group A, 37% (n = 22) have solitary stones as compared to 15% (n = 18) in group B. similarly Group A patients has larger stone size as compared to Group B i.e.59% (n = 36) patients in Group A have stones of more than 1 cm when compared to 35% (n = 41) patients in Group B. After using multivariate regression analysis, age more than 55 years (OR - 7.27, p value- < 0.001), solitary stone (OR - 3.33, p value - 0.002) and stone of more than 1 cm (OR - 2.73, p value - 0.004) were found to be independent risk factors for development of gallbladder cancer.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Most of the patients (78%) with GC were female, and the statistically significant risk factors were older age, solitary stones and stones size more than one centimeter. A case can be made for prophylactic cholecystectomy in such a high risk group. However a population based study is required to calculate the true incidence of GC in Karachi and a prospective multi center study is needed to produce strong evidence for screening and prophylactic cholecystectomy.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>As this was a retrospective review of medical records, as per institution policy, its gives waiver from any registration (ethical/trial).</p>http://www.wjso.com/content/9/1/164Gall bladder cancerProphylactic cholecystectomyRisk factors for gallbladder cancer |
| spellingShingle | Alvi A Rehman Siddiqui Nadeem Zafar Hasnain Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study World Journal of Surgical Oncology Gall bladder cancer Prophylactic cholecystectomy Risk factors for gallbladder cancer |
| title | Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study |
| title_full | Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study |
| title_short | Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Karachi-a case-control study |
| title_sort | risk factors of gallbladder cancer in karachi a case control study |
| topic | Gall bladder cancer Prophylactic cholecystectomy Risk factors for gallbladder cancer |
| url | http://www.wjso.com/content/9/1/164 |
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