Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (<i>Mtb</i>), an acid-fast bacillus that causes Tuberculosis (TB), is a pathogen that caused 1.5 million deaths in 2020. As per WHO estimates, another 4.1 million people are suffering from latent TB, either asymptomatic or not diagnosed, and the frequency of dr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6985 |
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| author | Ali A. Rabaan Abbas Al Mutair Hawra Albayat Jawaher Alotaibi Tarek Sulaiman Mohammed Aljeldah Basim R. Al Shammari Amal H. Alfaraj Mona A. Al Fares Sara Alwarthan Abdulwahab Z. Binjomah Mohammed S. Alzahrani Hatem M. Alhani Mohammed S. Almogbel Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid Ghaya Alqurainees Fatimah Al Ibrahim Ali H. Alhaddad Mubarak Alfaresi Nadira Al-baghli Saad Alhumaid |
| author_facet | Ali A. Rabaan Abbas Al Mutair Hawra Albayat Jawaher Alotaibi Tarek Sulaiman Mohammed Aljeldah Basim R. Al Shammari Amal H. Alfaraj Mona A. Al Fares Sara Alwarthan Abdulwahab Z. Binjomah Mohammed S. Alzahrani Hatem M. Alhani Mohammed S. Almogbel Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid Ghaya Alqurainees Fatimah Al Ibrahim Ali H. Alhaddad Mubarak Alfaresi Nadira Al-baghli Saad Alhumaid |
| author_sort | Ali A. Rabaan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycobacterium tuberculosis (<i>Mtb</i>), an acid-fast bacillus that causes Tuberculosis (TB), is a pathogen that caused 1.5 million deaths in 2020. As per WHO estimates, another 4.1 million people are suffering from latent TB, either asymptomatic or not diagnosed, and the frequency of drug resistance is increasing due to intrinsically linked factors from both host and bacterium. For instance, poor access to TB diagnosis and reduced treatment in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more TB deaths and an 18% reduction in newly diagnosed cases of TB. Additionally, the detection of <i>Mtb</i> isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple drugs (MDR, XDR, and TDR) has complicated the scenario in the pathogen’s favour. Moreover, the conventional methods to detect drug resistance may miss mutations, making it challenging to decide on the treatment regimen. However, owing to collaborative initiatives, the last two decades have witnessed several advancements in both the detection methods and drug discovery against drug-resistant isolates. The majority of them belong to nucleic acid detection techniques. In this review, we highlight and summarize the molecular mechanism underlying drug resistance in <i>Mtb</i>, the recent advancements in resistance detection methods, and the newer drugs used against drug-resistant TB. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e41356ef11e243b99ae684ce6621326f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:42:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e41356ef11e243b99ae684ce6621326f2023-11-24T01:35:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012720698510.3390/molecules27206985Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Ali A. Rabaan0Abbas Al Mutair1Hawra Albayat2Jawaher Alotaibi3Tarek Sulaiman4Mohammed Aljeldah5Basim R. Al Shammari6Amal H. Alfaraj7Mona A. Al Fares8Sara Alwarthan9Abdulwahab Z. Binjomah10Mohammed S. Alzahrani11Hatem M. Alhani12Mohammed S. Almogbel13Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid14Ghaya Alqurainees15Fatimah Al Ibrahim16Ali H. Alhaddad17Mubarak Alfaresi18Nadira Al-baghli19Saad Alhumaid20Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi ArabiaResearch Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi ArabiaInfectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi ArabiaInfectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi ArabiaInfectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi ArabiaMicrobiology Department, Riyadh Regional Laboratory and Blood Bank, Riyadh 12746, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah 21423, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam 31176, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 4030, Saudi ArabiaMedical Microbiology Department, Security Forces Hospital Programme, Dammam 32314, Saudi ArabiaPediatrics Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Medina 41511, Saudi ArabiaInfectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi ArabiaAssistant Agency for Hospital Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12382, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Al Quwain 499, United Arab EmiratesDirectorate of Public Health, Dammam Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi ArabiaAdministration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaMycobacterium tuberculosis (<i>Mtb</i>), an acid-fast bacillus that causes Tuberculosis (TB), is a pathogen that caused 1.5 million deaths in 2020. As per WHO estimates, another 4.1 million people are suffering from latent TB, either asymptomatic or not diagnosed, and the frequency of drug resistance is increasing due to intrinsically linked factors from both host and bacterium. For instance, poor access to TB diagnosis and reduced treatment in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more TB deaths and an 18% reduction in newly diagnosed cases of TB. Additionally, the detection of <i>Mtb</i> isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple drugs (MDR, XDR, and TDR) has complicated the scenario in the pathogen’s favour. Moreover, the conventional methods to detect drug resistance may miss mutations, making it challenging to decide on the treatment regimen. However, owing to collaborative initiatives, the last two decades have witnessed several advancements in both the detection methods and drug discovery against drug-resistant isolates. The majority of them belong to nucleic acid detection techniques. In this review, we highlight and summarize the molecular mechanism underlying drug resistance in <i>Mtb</i>, the recent advancements in resistance detection methods, and the newer drugs used against drug-resistant TB.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6985<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>drug resistancemutationsantibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Ali A. Rabaan Abbas Al Mutair Hawra Albayat Jawaher Alotaibi Tarek Sulaiman Mohammed Aljeldah Basim R. Al Shammari Amal H. Alfaraj Mona A. Al Fares Sara Alwarthan Abdulwahab Z. Binjomah Mohammed S. Alzahrani Hatem M. Alhani Mohammed S. Almogbel Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid Ghaya Alqurainees Fatimah Al Ibrahim Ali H. Alhaddad Mubarak Alfaresi Nadira Al-baghli Saad Alhumaid Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Molecules <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> drug resistance mutations antibiotics |
| title | Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> |
| title_full | Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> |
| title_short | Tools to Alleviate the Drug Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> |
| title_sort | tools to alleviate the drug resistance in i mycobacterium tuberculosis i |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> drug resistance mutations antibiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/20/6985 |
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