Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects
A critical-size bone defect is a challenging clinical problem in which a gap between bone ends will not heal and will become a nonunion. The current treatment is to harvest and transplant an autologous bone graft to facilitate bone bridging. To develop less invasive but equally effective treatment o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/4/171 |
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| author | Elijah Ejun Huang Ning Zhang Huaishuang Shen Xueping Li Masahiro Maruyama Takeshi Utsunomiya Qi Gao Roberto A. Guzman Stuart B. Goodman |
| author_facet | Elijah Ejun Huang Ning Zhang Huaishuang Shen Xueping Li Masahiro Maruyama Takeshi Utsunomiya Qi Gao Roberto A. Guzman Stuart B. Goodman |
| author_sort | Elijah Ejun Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A critical-size bone defect is a challenging clinical problem in which a gap between bone ends will not heal and will become a nonunion. The current treatment is to harvest and transplant an autologous bone graft to facilitate bone bridging. To develop less invasive but equally effective treatment options, one needs to first have a comprehensive understanding of the bone healing process. Therefore, it is imperative to leverage the most advanced technologies to elucidate the fundamental concepts of the bone healing process and develop innovative therapeutic strategies to bridge the nonunion gap. In this review, we first discuss the current animal models to study critical-size bone defects. Then, we focus on four novel analytic techniques and discuss their strengths and limitations. These four technologies are mass cytometry (CyTOF) for enhanced cellular analysis, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) for enhanced tissue special imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for detailed transcriptome analysis, and Luminex assays for comprehensive protein secretome analysis. With this new understanding of the healing of critical-size bone defects, novel methods of diagnosis and treatment will emerge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e41a75d38c304029869d02a42c1d913b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-e41a75d38c304029869d02a42c1d913b2023-12-01T00:49:38ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542022-04-019417110.3390/bioengineering9040171Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone DefectsElijah Ejun Huang0Ning Zhang1Huaishuang Shen2Xueping Li3Masahiro Maruyama4Takeshi Utsunomiya5Qi Gao6Roberto A. Guzman7Stuart B. Goodman8Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USADepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USAA critical-size bone defect is a challenging clinical problem in which a gap between bone ends will not heal and will become a nonunion. The current treatment is to harvest and transplant an autologous bone graft to facilitate bone bridging. To develop less invasive but equally effective treatment options, one needs to first have a comprehensive understanding of the bone healing process. Therefore, it is imperative to leverage the most advanced technologies to elucidate the fundamental concepts of the bone healing process and develop innovative therapeutic strategies to bridge the nonunion gap. In this review, we first discuss the current animal models to study critical-size bone defects. Then, we focus on four novel analytic techniques and discuss their strengths and limitations. These four technologies are mass cytometry (CyTOF) for enhanced cellular analysis, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) for enhanced tissue special imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for detailed transcriptome analysis, and Luminex assays for comprehensive protein secretome analysis. With this new understanding of the healing of critical-size bone defects, novel methods of diagnosis and treatment will emerge.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/4/171critical-size bone defectmass cytometryCyTOFimaging mass cytometry (IMC)scRNA-seqLuminex |
| spellingShingle | Elijah Ejun Huang Ning Zhang Huaishuang Shen Xueping Li Masahiro Maruyama Takeshi Utsunomiya Qi Gao Roberto A. Guzman Stuart B. Goodman Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects Bioengineering critical-size bone defect mass cytometry CyTOF imaging mass cytometry (IMC) scRNA-seq Luminex |
| title | Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects |
| title_full | Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects |
| title_fullStr | Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects |
| title_short | Novel Techniques and Future Perspective for Investigating Critical-Size Bone Defects |
| title_sort | novel techniques and future perspective for investigating critical size bone defects |
| topic | critical-size bone defect mass cytometry CyTOF imaging mass cytometry (IMC) scRNA-seq Luminex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/4/171 |
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