Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G
The coverage and capacity required for fifth generation (5G) and beyond can be achieved using heterogeneous wireless networks. This exploration set up a limited number of user equipment (UEs) while taking into account the three-dimensional (3D) distance between UEs and base stations (BSs), multi-slo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10080957/ |
| _version_ | 1797853019403976704 |
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| author | Safia Amir Dahri Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh Musaed Alhussein Muhammad Afzal Soomro Khursheed Aurangzeb Muhammad Imran |
| author_facet | Safia Amir Dahri Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh Musaed Alhussein Muhammad Afzal Soomro Khursheed Aurangzeb Muhammad Imran |
| author_sort | Safia Amir Dahri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coverage and capacity required for fifth generation (5G) and beyond can be achieved using heterogeneous wireless networks. This exploration set up a limited number of user equipment (UEs) while taking into account the three-dimensional (3D) distance between UEs and base stations (BSs), multi-slope line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (n-LOS), idle mode capability (IMC), and third generation partnership projects (3GPP) path loss (PL) models. In the current work, we examine the relationship between the height and gain of the macro (M) and pico (P) base stations (BSs) antennas and the ratio of the density of the MBSs to the PBSs, indicated by the symbol <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Recent research demonstrates that the antenna height of PBSs should be kept to a minimum to get the best performance in terms of coverage and capacity for a 5G wireless network, whereas ASE smashes as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> crosses a specific value in 5G. We aim to address these issues and increased the performance of the 5G network by installing directional antennas at MBSs and omnidirectional antennas at Pico BSs while taking into consideration traditional antenna heights. The authors of this work used the multi-tier 3GPP PL model to take into account real-world scenarios and calculated SINR using average power. This study demonstrates that, when the multi-slope 3GPP PL model is used and directional antennas are installed at MBSs, coverage can be improved 10% and area spectral efficiency (ASE) can be improved 2.5 times over the course of the previous analysis. Similarly to this, the issue of an ASE crash after a base station density of 1000 has been resolved in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:43:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e41e5d7fa99a41e5aad622c0ef0d4b89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:43:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-e41e5d7fa99a41e5aad622c0ef0d4b892023-04-03T23:00:42ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111304733048510.1109/ACCESS.2023.326125910080957Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5GSafia Amir Dahri0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-6043Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh1Musaed Alhussein2Muhammad Afzal Soomro3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-1716Khursheed Aurangzeb4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578Muhammad Imran5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-2591Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanDepartment of Telecommunication Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Brisbane, VIC, AustraliaThe coverage and capacity required for fifth generation (5G) and beyond can be achieved using heterogeneous wireless networks. This exploration set up a limited number of user equipment (UEs) while taking into account the three-dimensional (3D) distance between UEs and base stations (BSs), multi-slope line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (n-LOS), idle mode capability (IMC), and third generation partnership projects (3GPP) path loss (PL) models. In the current work, we examine the relationship between the height and gain of the macro (M) and pico (P) base stations (BSs) antennas and the ratio of the density of the MBSs to the PBSs, indicated by the symbol <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Recent research demonstrates that the antenna height of PBSs should be kept to a minimum to get the best performance in terms of coverage and capacity for a 5G wireless network, whereas ASE smashes as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> crosses a specific value in 5G. We aim to address these issues and increased the performance of the 5G network by installing directional antennas at MBSs and omnidirectional antennas at Pico BSs while taking into consideration traditional antenna heights. The authors of this work used the multi-tier 3GPP PL model to take into account real-world scenarios and calculated SINR using average power. This study demonstrates that, when the multi-slope 3GPP PL model is used and directional antennas are installed at MBSs, coverage can be improved 10% and area spectral efficiency (ASE) can be improved 2.5 times over the course of the previous analysis. Similarly to this, the issue of an ASE crash after a base station density of 1000 has been resolved in this study.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10080957/HCNmulti-slope path loss modelIMC mode5Garea spectral efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Safia Amir Dahri Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh Musaed Alhussein Muhammad Afzal Soomro Khursheed Aurangzeb Muhammad Imran Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G IEEE Access HCN multi-slope path loss model IMC mode 5G area spectral efficiency |
| title | Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G |
| title_full | Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G |
| title_short | Multi-Slope Path Loss Model-Based Performance Assessment of Heterogeneous Cellular Network in 5G |
| title_sort | multi slope path loss model based performance assessment of heterogeneous cellular network in 5g |
| topic | HCN multi-slope path loss model IMC mode 5G area spectral efficiency |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10080957/ |
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