Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth
Abstract Ultrasonic irrigation during root canal treatment can enhance biofilm disruption. The challenge is to improve the fluid flow so that the irrigant reaches areas inaccessible to hand instrumentation. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate how the flow field and hydrodynamic fo...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54611-x |
| _version_ | 1797275180519653376 |
|---|---|
| author | A. Koulogiannis A. D. Walmsley P. Angeli S. Balabani |
| author_facet | A. Koulogiannis A. D. Walmsley P. Angeli S. Balabani |
| author_sort | A. Koulogiannis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ultrasonic irrigation during root canal treatment can enhance biofilm disruption. The challenge is to improve the fluid flow so that the irrigant reaches areas inaccessible to hand instrumentation. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate how the flow field and hydrodynamic forces induced by ultrasonic irrigation are influenced by the ultrasound power and file insertion depth. A root canal phantom was 3D printed and used as a mold for the fabrication of a PDMS channel. An ultrasonic instrument with a #15K-file provided the irrigation. The flow field was studied by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The time averaged velocity and shear stress distributions were found to vary significantly with ultrasound power. Their maximum values increase sharply for low powers and up to a critical power level. At and above this setting, the flow pattern changes, from the high velocity and shear stress region confined in the vicinity of the tip, to one covering the whole root canal domain. Exceeding this threshold also induces a moderate increase in the maximum velocities and shear stresses. The insertion depth was found to have a smaller effect on the measured velocity and shear stresses. Due to the oscillating nature of the flow, instantaneous maximum velocities and shear stresses can reach much higher values than the mean, especially for high powers. Ultrasonic irrigation will benefit from using a higher power setting as this does produce greater shear stresses near the walls of the root canal leading to the potential for increased biofilm removal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:09:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e41ef2a397704d279965fbe3a931f727 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:09:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-e41ef2a397704d279965fbe3a931f7272024-03-05T18:44:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-03-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-54611-xUltrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depthA. Koulogiannis0A. D. Walmsley1P. Angeli2S. Balabani3FluME, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL)School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamThAMes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL)FluME, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London (UCL)Abstract Ultrasonic irrigation during root canal treatment can enhance biofilm disruption. The challenge is to improve the fluid flow so that the irrigant reaches areas inaccessible to hand instrumentation. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate how the flow field and hydrodynamic forces induced by ultrasonic irrigation are influenced by the ultrasound power and file insertion depth. A root canal phantom was 3D printed and used as a mold for the fabrication of a PDMS channel. An ultrasonic instrument with a #15K-file provided the irrigation. The flow field was studied by means of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The time averaged velocity and shear stress distributions were found to vary significantly with ultrasound power. Their maximum values increase sharply for low powers and up to a critical power level. At and above this setting, the flow pattern changes, from the high velocity and shear stress region confined in the vicinity of the tip, to one covering the whole root canal domain. Exceeding this threshold also induces a moderate increase in the maximum velocities and shear stresses. The insertion depth was found to have a smaller effect on the measured velocity and shear stresses. Due to the oscillating nature of the flow, instantaneous maximum velocities and shear stresses can reach much higher values than the mean, especially for high powers. Ultrasonic irrigation will benefit from using a higher power setting as this does produce greater shear stresses near the walls of the root canal leading to the potential for increased biofilm removal.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54611-xRoot canalUltrasonicIrrigationBiofilmUltrasound powerInsertion depth |
| spellingShingle | A. Koulogiannis A. D. Walmsley P. Angeli S. Balabani Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth Scientific Reports Root canal Ultrasonic Irrigation Biofilm Ultrasound power Insertion depth |
| title | Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth |
| title_full | Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth |
| title_short | Ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals: effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth |
| title_sort | ultrasonic irrigation flows in root canals effects of ultrasound power and file insertion depth |
| topic | Root canal Ultrasonic Irrigation Biofilm Ultrasound power Insertion depth |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54611-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT akoulogiannis ultrasonicirrigationflowsinrootcanalseffectsofultrasoundpowerandfileinsertiondepth AT adwalmsley ultrasonicirrigationflowsinrootcanalseffectsofultrasoundpowerandfileinsertiondepth AT pangeli ultrasonicirrigationflowsinrootcanalseffectsofultrasoundpowerandfileinsertiondepth AT sbalabani ultrasonicirrigationflowsinrootcanalseffectsofultrasoundpowerandfileinsertiondepth |