Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation
A field experiment of drip fertigated nitrogen reduction was set up in a typical Maize planting area in the Xiliao River Basin in 2018 and 2019. Different phased nitrogen reductions were set up under shallow buried drip irrigation during the growth period to explore ways to improve nitrogen use effi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/63 |
| _version_ | 1827372962140913664 |
|---|---|
| author | Ju Zhao Yinglong Qi Chunyan Yin Xiaoyu Liu |
| author_facet | Ju Zhao Yinglong Qi Chunyan Yin Xiaoyu Liu |
| author_sort | Ju Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A field experiment of drip fertigated nitrogen reduction was set up in a typical Maize planting area in the Xiliao River Basin in 2018 and 2019. Different phased nitrogen reductions were set up under shallow buried drip irrigation during the growth period to explore ways to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by understanding the Maize regulation of nitrogen absorption and utilization. The recommended nitrogen application in the early stage (Nopt, total nitrogen 240 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>) had the highest grain nitrogen uptake and total nitrogen uptake, followed by nitrogen reduction before the maximum canopy mulching (Nde-I, total nitrogen 180 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>), nitrogen reduction after the maximum canopy mulching (Nde-II, total nitrogen 180 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>) and no nitrogen application (N0). Without nitrogen application, the leaves were thin, green and yellow. The total nitrogen uptake was 38.54~41.31% lower than the recommended nitrogen application in the early stage. When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced in the maximum canopy mulching, grain nitrogen absorption was affected. Grain nitrogen absorption fell by 15.07% to 17.51% when nitrogen was reduced in the maximum canopy mulching compared to the recommended nitrogen application. The harvest index of nitrogen reduction before the maximum canopy coverage was 9.65~11.52% higher than that in the later stage, indicating that the nitrogen absorption between Maize grain, stem, and leaf was better regulated. Maize evapotranspiration water consumption was reduced throughout the growth cycle when nitrogen was reduced at various stages. Nitrogen reduction before maximum canopy mulching boosted water use efficiency (WUE) by 3.44% to 6.12% compared to the recommended nitrogen application in the early stage. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency increased by 11.17% to 13.87%. The nitrogen use efficiency rose by 10.99~3.15% (5.24~6.60 percentage points). A total of 25% of nitrogen fertilizer was saved with the yield declining by only about 5%, resulting in increased NUE while maintaining the yield stability. Under shallow buried drip fertigated irrigation, the appropriate reduction in nitrogen fertilizer during the period from Maize sowing to the maximum canopy development ensured the nitrogen supply during tasseling–silking stage and filling stage, which can be used as a regulation method and a way to improve the Maize fertilizer use efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:08:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e425c9f63e4642c499f69d052dc388b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:08:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e425c9f63e4642c499f69d052dc388b62024-01-26T14:22:13ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-12-011416310.3390/agronomy14010063Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated IrrigationJu Zhao0Yinglong Qi1Chunyan Yin2Xiaoyu Liu3Institute of Resources, Environment and Detection Technology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, ChinaBaotou Teachers’ College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, ChinaInstitute of Resources, Environment and Detection Technology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, ChinaInstitute of Resources, Environment and Detection Technology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, ChinaA field experiment of drip fertigated nitrogen reduction was set up in a typical Maize planting area in the Xiliao River Basin in 2018 and 2019. Different phased nitrogen reductions were set up under shallow buried drip irrigation during the growth period to explore ways to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by understanding the Maize regulation of nitrogen absorption and utilization. The recommended nitrogen application in the early stage (Nopt, total nitrogen 240 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>) had the highest grain nitrogen uptake and total nitrogen uptake, followed by nitrogen reduction before the maximum canopy mulching (Nde-I, total nitrogen 180 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>), nitrogen reduction after the maximum canopy mulching (Nde-II, total nitrogen 180 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup>) and no nitrogen application (N0). Without nitrogen application, the leaves were thin, green and yellow. The total nitrogen uptake was 38.54~41.31% lower than the recommended nitrogen application in the early stage. When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced in the maximum canopy mulching, grain nitrogen absorption was affected. Grain nitrogen absorption fell by 15.07% to 17.51% when nitrogen was reduced in the maximum canopy mulching compared to the recommended nitrogen application. The harvest index of nitrogen reduction before the maximum canopy coverage was 9.65~11.52% higher than that in the later stage, indicating that the nitrogen absorption between Maize grain, stem, and leaf was better regulated. Maize evapotranspiration water consumption was reduced throughout the growth cycle when nitrogen was reduced at various stages. Nitrogen reduction before maximum canopy mulching boosted water use efficiency (WUE) by 3.44% to 6.12% compared to the recommended nitrogen application in the early stage. The nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency increased by 11.17% to 13.87%. The nitrogen use efficiency rose by 10.99~3.15% (5.24~6.60 percentage points). A total of 25% of nitrogen fertilizer was saved with the yield declining by only about 5%, resulting in increased NUE while maintaining the yield stability. Under shallow buried drip fertigated irrigation, the appropriate reduction in nitrogen fertilizer during the period from Maize sowing to the maximum canopy development ensured the nitrogen supply during tasseling–silking stage and filling stage, which can be used as a regulation method and a way to improve the Maize fertilizer use efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/63nitrogen reduction at different stagesshallow buried drip irrigationdrip fertigationnitrogen absorptionnitrogen use efficiency (NUE)Maize |
| spellingShingle | Ju Zhao Yinglong Qi Chunyan Yin Xiaoyu Liu Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation Agronomy nitrogen reduction at different stages shallow buried drip irrigation drip fertigation nitrogen absorption nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) Maize |
| title | Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation |
| title_full | Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation |
| title_short | Effects of Nitrogen Reduction at Different Growth Stages on Maize Water and Nitrogen Utilization under Shallow Buried Drip Fertigated Irrigation |
| title_sort | effects of nitrogen reduction at different growth stages on maize water and nitrogen utilization under shallow buried drip fertigated irrigation |
| topic | nitrogen reduction at different stages shallow buried drip irrigation drip fertigation nitrogen absorption nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) Maize |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/1/63 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juzhao effectsofnitrogenreductionatdifferentgrowthstagesonmaizewaterandnitrogenutilizationundershallowburieddripfertigatedirrigation AT yinglongqi effectsofnitrogenreductionatdifferentgrowthstagesonmaizewaterandnitrogenutilizationundershallowburieddripfertigatedirrigation AT chunyanyin effectsofnitrogenreductionatdifferentgrowthstagesonmaizewaterandnitrogenutilizationundershallowburieddripfertigatedirrigation AT xiaoyuliu effectsofnitrogenreductionatdifferentgrowthstagesonmaizewaterandnitrogenutilizationundershallowburieddripfertigatedirrigation |