Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review
This comprehensive review explores the role of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in advancing our understanding of the visual system. Beginning with an introduction to fNIRS, we delve into its historical development, highlighting how this technology has evolved over time. The core of the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/282 |
| _version_ | 1797358563329310720 |
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| author | Kelly Acuña Rishav Sapahia Irene Newman Jiménez Michael Antonietti Ignacio Anzola Marvin Cruz Michael T. García Varun Krishnan Lynn A. Leveille Miklós D. Resch Anat Galor Ranya Habash Delia Cabrera DeBuc |
| author_facet | Kelly Acuña Rishav Sapahia Irene Newman Jiménez Michael Antonietti Ignacio Anzola Marvin Cruz Michael T. García Varun Krishnan Lynn A. Leveille Miklós D. Resch Anat Galor Ranya Habash Delia Cabrera DeBuc |
| author_sort | Kelly Acuña |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This comprehensive review explores the role of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in advancing our understanding of the visual system. Beginning with an introduction to fNIRS, we delve into its historical development, highlighting how this technology has evolved over time. The core of the review critically examines the advantages and disadvantages of fNIRS, offering a balanced view of its capabilities and limitations in research and clinical settings. We extend our discussion to the diverse applications of fNIRS beyond its traditional use, emphasizing its versatility across various fields. In the context of the visual system, this review provides an in-depth analysis of how fNIRS contributes to our understanding of eye function, including eye diseases. We discuss the intricacies of the visual cortex, how it responds to visual stimuli and the implications of these findings in both health and disease. A unique aspect of this review is the exploration of the intersection between fNIRS, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI). We discuss how these cutting-edge technologies are synergizing with fNIRS to open new frontiers in visual system research. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, envisioning the future of fNIRS in a rapidly evolving technological landscape and its potential to revolutionize our approach to studying and understanding the visual system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:03:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e425defc57cb4150acca47a5ce1c54d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:03:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-e425defc57cb4150acca47a5ce1c54d22024-01-10T15:01:56ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832024-01-0113128210.3390/jcm13010282Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A ReviewKelly Acuña0Rishav Sapahia1Irene Newman Jiménez2Michael Antonietti3Ignacio Anzola4Marvin Cruz5Michael T. García6Varun Krishnan7Lynn A. Leveille8Miklós D. Resch9Anat Galor10Ranya Habash11Delia Cabrera DeBuc12School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Arts & Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, CanadaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USADepartment of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USAThis comprehensive review explores the role of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in advancing our understanding of the visual system. Beginning with an introduction to fNIRS, we delve into its historical development, highlighting how this technology has evolved over time. The core of the review critically examines the advantages and disadvantages of fNIRS, offering a balanced view of its capabilities and limitations in research and clinical settings. We extend our discussion to the diverse applications of fNIRS beyond its traditional use, emphasizing its versatility across various fields. In the context of the visual system, this review provides an in-depth analysis of how fNIRS contributes to our understanding of eye function, including eye diseases. We discuss the intricacies of the visual cortex, how it responds to visual stimuli and the implications of these findings in both health and disease. A unique aspect of this review is the exploration of the intersection between fNIRS, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI). We discuss how these cutting-edge technologies are synergizing with fNIRS to open new frontiers in visual system research. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, envisioning the future of fNIRS in a rapidly evolving technological landscape and its potential to revolutionize our approach to studying and understanding the visual system.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/282fNIRSeyevirtual realityartificial intelligenceaugmented realityvisual systems |
| spellingShingle | Kelly Acuña Rishav Sapahia Irene Newman Jiménez Michael Antonietti Ignacio Anzola Marvin Cruz Michael T. García Varun Krishnan Lynn A. Leveille Miklós D. Resch Anat Galor Ranya Habash Delia Cabrera DeBuc Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review Journal of Clinical Medicine fNIRS eye virtual reality artificial intelligence augmented reality visual systems |
| title | Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review |
| title_full | Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review |
| title_short | Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review |
| title_sort | functional near infrared spectrometry as a useful diagnostic tool for understanding the visual system a review |
| topic | fNIRS eye virtual reality artificial intelligence augmented reality visual systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/1/282 |
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