Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines
Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/9/949 |
| _version_ | 1827681139415842816 |
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| author | Masood Alam Khan Arif Khan |
| author_facet | Masood Alam Khan Arif Khan |
| author_sort | Masood Alam Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of NKT cell have been illustrated. The nanoparticle-based formulations have superior immunoadjuvant potential by facilitating the efficient antigen processing and presentation that favorably elicits the antigen-specific immune response. Finally, the immunoadjuvant potential of the NKT cell ligand was explored in the development of antiviral vaccines. The use of an NKT cell-activating nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery system was supported in order to avoid the NKT cell anergy. The results from the animal and preclinical studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-incorporated NKT cell ligands may have potential implications as an immunoadjuvant in the formulation of an effective antiviral vaccine that is capable of eliciting the antigen-specific activation of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:10:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e42bd03adc8046ac89c91a359b23c88a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:10:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-e42bd03adc8046ac89c91a359b23c88a2023-11-22T15:33:53ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-08-019994910.3390/vaccines9090949Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based NanovaccinesMasood Alam Khan0Arif Khan1Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaNatural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of NKT cell have been illustrated. The nanoparticle-based formulations have superior immunoadjuvant potential by facilitating the efficient antigen processing and presentation that favorably elicits the antigen-specific immune response. Finally, the immunoadjuvant potential of the NKT cell ligand was explored in the development of antiviral vaccines. The use of an NKT cell-activating nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery system was supported in order to avoid the NKT cell anergy. The results from the animal and preclinical studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-incorporated NKT cell ligands may have potential implications as an immunoadjuvant in the formulation of an effective antiviral vaccine that is capable of eliciting the antigen-specific activation of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/9/949NKT cellsvaccinelipid ligandsimmunoadjuvantnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Masood Alam Khan Arif Khan Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines Vaccines NKT cells vaccine lipid ligands immunoadjuvant nanoparticles |
| title | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
| title_full | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
| title_fullStr | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
| title_short | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
| title_sort | role of nkt cells during viral infection and the development of nkt cell based nanovaccines |
| topic | NKT cells vaccine lipid ligands immunoadjuvant nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/9/949 |
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