Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status
BackgroundPediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differen...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157351/full |
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| author | Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Wen-Jin Cherng Wen-Jin Cherng Chih-Hung Lin Chih-Hung Lin Chih-Hung Lin Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Kuang-Hung Hsu Kuang-Hung Hsu Kuang-Hung Hsu Rong-Ho Lin |
| author_facet | Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Wen-Jin Cherng Wen-Jin Cherng Chih-Hung Lin Chih-Hung Lin Chih-Hung Lin Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Kuang-Hung Hsu Kuang-Hung Hsu Kuang-Hung Hsu Rong-Ho Lin |
| author_sort | Hai-Hua Chuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundPediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differences in demographics, anthropometrics, and physical fitness across BP subgroups and investigate whether physical fitness was related to pediatric hypertension independent of weight status.MethodsThis quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated demographic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and BP measures among 360 healthy school-aged children. Continuous variables were compared across BP subgroups with the one-way analysis of variance. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mechanism. Multivariable regression models were used to assess independent associations for hypertension.ResultsThere were 177 (49.2%), 37 (10.3%), and 146 (40.6%) children in the normotensive, elevated BP, and hypertensive subgroups, respectively. The hypertensive subgroup had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio percentiles and performed worse in 800-m run, standing long jump (SLJ), and 1-min sit-ups than the normotensive subgroup. Furthermore, the 800-m run percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) and sit and reach percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) mediated the relationship between the BMI percentile and systolic BP percentile; the SLJ percentile was directly associated with the diastolic BP percentile (β,−0.197, 95% confidence interval,−0.298−0.097; p < 0.001). The parsimonious model of multivariable regression models revealed that the SLJ percentile (adjusted exp (β), 0.992, 95% confidence interval, 0.985–0.999; p = 0.042) and BMI percentile (adjusted exp (β), 1.024, 95% confidence interval, 1.016–1.032; p < 0.001) were two independent predictors for pediatric hypertension.ConclusionPhysical fitness mediates the relationship between anthropometric and BP measures. The SLJ percentile is associated with pediatric hypertension independent of the BMI percentile. Proactive screening and health promotion for not only healthy weight status but also good physical fitness may be beneficial for BP control among school-aged students. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:31:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4335a4c28164a7ab4781e4db4b147e82023-04-18T04:37:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-04-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.11573511157351Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight statusHai-Hua Chuang0Hai-Hua Chuang1Hai-Hua Chuang2Hai-Hua Chuang3Hai-Hua Chuang4Wen-Jin Cherng5Wen-Jin Cherng6Chih-Hung Lin7Chih-Hung Lin8Chih-Hung Lin9Li-Ang Lee10Li-Ang Lee11Li-Ang Lee12Li-Ang Lee13Kuang-Hung Hsu14Kuang-Hung Hsu15Kuang-Hung Hsu16Rong-Ho Lin17Department of Family Medicine, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanMetabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, TaiwanMetabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanMetabolism and Obesity Institute, Taipei and Linkou Main Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, TaiwanSchool of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, TaiwanDepartments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, TaiwanHealthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan0Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan1Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, TaiwanDepartment of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, TaiwanBackgroundPediatric hypertension contributes to adulthood hypertension and target organ damage. Obesity is a well-known predictor for pediatric hypertension; however, the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) is unclear among children. This study aimed to compare the differences in demographics, anthropometrics, and physical fitness across BP subgroups and investigate whether physical fitness was related to pediatric hypertension independent of weight status.MethodsThis quantitative, cross-sectional study investigated demographic, anthropometric, physical fitness, and BP measures among 360 healthy school-aged children. Continuous variables were compared across BP subgroups with the one-way analysis of variance. Mediation and moderation analyses were used to explore the mechanism. Multivariable regression models were used to assess independent associations for hypertension.ResultsThere were 177 (49.2%), 37 (10.3%), and 146 (40.6%) children in the normotensive, elevated BP, and hypertensive subgroups, respectively. The hypertensive subgroup had higher body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio percentiles and performed worse in 800-m run, standing long jump (SLJ), and 1-min sit-ups than the normotensive subgroup. Furthermore, the 800-m run percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) and sit and reach percentile (total effect: β = 0.308, standard error = 0.044, p < 0.001) mediated the relationship between the BMI percentile and systolic BP percentile; the SLJ percentile was directly associated with the diastolic BP percentile (β,−0.197, 95% confidence interval,−0.298−0.097; p < 0.001). The parsimonious model of multivariable regression models revealed that the SLJ percentile (adjusted exp (β), 0.992, 95% confidence interval, 0.985–0.999; p = 0.042) and BMI percentile (adjusted exp (β), 1.024, 95% confidence interval, 1.016–1.032; p < 0.001) were two independent predictors for pediatric hypertension.ConclusionPhysical fitness mediates the relationship between anthropometric and BP measures. The SLJ percentile is associated with pediatric hypertension independent of the BMI percentile. Proactive screening and health promotion for not only healthy weight status but also good physical fitness may be beneficial for BP control among school-aged students.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157351/fullblood pressurebody mass indexchildhood obesitypediatric hypertensionphysical fitnessstanding long jump |
| spellingShingle | Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Hai-Hua Chuang Wen-Jin Cherng Wen-Jin Cherng Chih-Hung Lin Chih-Hung Lin Chih-Hung Lin Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Li-Ang Lee Kuang-Hung Hsu Kuang-Hung Hsu Kuang-Hung Hsu Rong-Ho Lin Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status Frontiers in Public Health blood pressure body mass index childhood obesity pediatric hypertension physical fitness standing long jump |
| title | Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status |
| title_full | Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status |
| title_fullStr | Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status |
| title_short | Physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status |
| title_sort | physical fitness mediates and predicts for high blood pressure among children in relation to weight status |
| topic | blood pressure body mass index childhood obesity pediatric hypertension physical fitness standing long jump |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157351/full |
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