Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro
Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) infect cats worldwide and cause severe systemic diseases, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP has a high mortality rate, and drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been ineffective for the treatment of FIP. Investigating host factors and the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1734 |
| _version_ | 1827625128261844992 |
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| author | Yoshikazu Tanaka Eri Tanabe Yuki Nonaka Mitsuki Uemura Tsuyoshi Tajima Kazuhiko Ochiai |
| author_facet | Yoshikazu Tanaka Eri Tanabe Yuki Nonaka Mitsuki Uemura Tsuyoshi Tajima Kazuhiko Ochiai |
| author_sort | Yoshikazu Tanaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) infect cats worldwide and cause severe systemic diseases, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP has a high mortality rate, and drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been ineffective for the treatment of FIP. Investigating host factors and the functions required for FCoV replication is necessary to develop effective drugs for the treatment of FIP. FCoV utilizes an endosomal trafficking system for cellular entry after binding between the viral spike (S) protein and its receptor. The cellular enzymes that cleave the S protein of FCoV to release the viral genome into the cytosol require an acidic pH optimized in the endosomes by regulating cellular ion concentrations. Ionophore antibiotics are compounds that form complexes with alkali ions to alter the endosomal pH conditions. This study shows that ionophore antibiotics, including valinomycin, salinomycin, and nigericin, inhibit FCoV proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ionophore antibiotics should be investigated further as potential broad-spectrum anti-FCoV agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:22:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4361009b7944c6aa214c140f1d3885d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:22:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4361009b7944c6aa214c140f1d3885d2023-11-30T22:39:12ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-08-01148173410.3390/v14081734Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In VitroYoshikazu Tanaka0Eri Tanabe1Yuki Nonaka2Mitsuki Uemura3Tsuyoshi Tajima4Kazuhiko Ochiai5Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, JapanDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene, Veterinary School, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan, Musashino 180-8602, JapanFeline coronaviruses (FCoVs) infect cats worldwide and cause severe systemic diseases, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FIP has a high mortality rate, and drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been ineffective for the treatment of FIP. Investigating host factors and the functions required for FCoV replication is necessary to develop effective drugs for the treatment of FIP. FCoV utilizes an endosomal trafficking system for cellular entry after binding between the viral spike (S) protein and its receptor. The cellular enzymes that cleave the S protein of FCoV to release the viral genome into the cytosol require an acidic pH optimized in the endosomes by regulating cellular ion concentrations. Ionophore antibiotics are compounds that form complexes with alkali ions to alter the endosomal pH conditions. This study shows that ionophore antibiotics, including valinomycin, salinomycin, and nigericin, inhibit FCoV proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ionophore antibiotics should be investigated further as potential broad-spectrum anti-FCoV agents.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1734feline coronavirusionophore antibioticsfeline infectious peritonitisnigericinvalinomycinsalinomycin |
| spellingShingle | Yoshikazu Tanaka Eri Tanabe Yuki Nonaka Mitsuki Uemura Tsuyoshi Tajima Kazuhiko Ochiai Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro Viruses feline coronavirus ionophore antibiotics feline infectious peritonitis nigericin valinomycin salinomycin |
| title | Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro |
| title_full | Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro |
| title_short | Ionophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro |
| title_sort | ionophore antibiotics inhibit type ii feline coronavirus proliferation in vitro |
| topic | feline coronavirus ionophore antibiotics feline infectious peritonitis nigericin valinomycin salinomycin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1734 |
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