A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification
To protect the security of vector maps, we propose a novel reversible watermarking scheme for vector maps based on a multilevel histogram modification. First, a difference histogram is constructed using the correlations of adjacent coordinates, and the histogram is divided into continuous regions an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/9/397 |
| _version_ | 1798038947352281088 |
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| author | Xiang Hou Lianquan Min Hui Yang |
| author_facet | Xiang Hou Lianquan Min Hui Yang |
| author_sort | Xiang Hou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To protect the security of vector maps, we propose a novel reversible watermarking scheme for vector maps based on a multilevel histogram modification. First, a difference histogram is constructed using the correlations of adjacent coordinates, and the histogram is divided into continuous regions and discontinuous regions by combining the characteristics of vector map data. Second, the histogram bins that require modification are determined in the continuous regions through the optimal peak value, and the peak values are chosen from the flanking discontinuous regions in both directions; the watermarks are embedded by adopting the multilevel histogram modification strategy. The watermark extraction process is the reverse of the embedding process, and after completing the watermark extraction, the carrier data can be recovered losslessly. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good invisibility and is completely reversible. Compared with similar algorithms reported previously, it achieves higher watermark embedding capacity under the same embedding distortion with lower complexity, thereby having a higher application value. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:47:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e436ba15efc94b18bf11deed15b29e6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:47:13Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-e436ba15efc94b18bf11deed15b29e6e2022-12-22T04:01:23ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942018-09-0110939710.3390/sym10090397sym10090397A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram ModificationXiang Hou0Lianquan Min1Hui Yang2College of Geo-spatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaCollege of Geo-spatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaCollege of Geo-spatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaTo protect the security of vector maps, we propose a novel reversible watermarking scheme for vector maps based on a multilevel histogram modification. First, a difference histogram is constructed using the correlations of adjacent coordinates, and the histogram is divided into continuous regions and discontinuous regions by combining the characteristics of vector map data. Second, the histogram bins that require modification are determined in the continuous regions through the optimal peak value, and the peak values are chosen from the flanking discontinuous regions in both directions; the watermarks are embedded by adopting the multilevel histogram modification strategy. The watermark extraction process is the reverse of the embedding process, and after completing the watermark extraction, the carrier data can be recovered losslessly. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good invisibility and is completely reversible. Compared with similar algorithms reported previously, it achieves higher watermark embedding capacity under the same embedding distortion with lower complexity, thereby having a higher application value.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/9/397vector mapsreversible watermarkhistogram shiftingdata hidingembedding capacity |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Hou Lianquan Min Hui Yang A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification Symmetry vector maps reversible watermark histogram shifting data hiding embedding capacity |
| title | A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification |
| title_full | A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification |
| title_fullStr | A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification |
| title_short | A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for Vector Maps Based on Multilevel Histogram Modification |
| title_sort | reversible watermarking scheme for vector maps based on multilevel histogram modification |
| topic | vector maps reversible watermark histogram shifting data hiding embedding capacity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/9/397 |
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