Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rhizome of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and the seed of <it>Nigella sativa </it>are two ingredients in Thai traditional medicine to relieve dysmenorrhea and adjust the menstrual cycle. Mixture of these two...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2009-09-01
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| Series: | Chinese Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://www.cmjournal.org/content/4/1/19 |
| _version_ | 1818485029268881408 |
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| author | Opanasopit Praneet Kowapradit Jariya Tangyuenyongwatana Prasan Gritsanapan Wandee |
| author_facet | Opanasopit Praneet Kowapradit Jariya Tangyuenyongwatana Prasan Gritsanapan Wandee |
| author_sort | Opanasopit Praneet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rhizome of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and the seed of <it>Nigella sativa </it>are two ingredients in Thai traditional medicine to relieve dysmenorrhea and adjust the menstrual cycle. Mixture of these two herbs produces three esters, namely (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl linoleate (1), (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl oleate (2) and (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (3). The aim of this study is to examine <it>in vitro </it>absorption of these esters and evaluate their transport across the membrane.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>In vitro </it>transport of these three esters was observed in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The ester compounds 1, 2 and 3 at a concentration of 10 μM were hydrolyzed by porcine liver esterase.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All esters transported across the Caco-2 cell without enzymatic hydrolysis. The apparent permeability coefficients <it>P</it><sub>app </sub>of compound 1 at 53 μM and 106 μM were 13.94 (0.60) × 10<sup>-6 </sup>and 14.33 (0.17) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s respectively, while those of compound 2 were 9.45 (0.29) × 10<sup>-6 </sup>and 10.08 (0.32) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s, respectively. <it>P</it><sub>app </sub>values of compound 3 were 7.48 (0.31) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 53 μM and 8.60 (0.55) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 106 μM. <it>P</it><sub>app </sub>values of the parent compound (compound D), i.e. (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol were 8.53 (0.83) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 53 μM and 16.38 (0.61) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 106 μM. The ester hydrolysis of compounds 1, 2 and 3 by porcine liver esterase was monitored by HPLC and the hydrolysis reactions were completed within 10 minutes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the present study finds that compounds (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl linoleate (1), (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl oleate (2) and (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (3) originated from Prasaplai preparation (a Thai herbal formula) may be transported through a facilitated mechanism and serve as pro-drugs to increase the compound D level in the blood.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:02:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e43c318d1806471e9331cfc9f781d9df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1749-8546 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:02:36Z |
| publishDate | 2009-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chinese Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-e43c318d1806471e9331cfc9f781d9df2022-12-22T01:42:23ZengBMCChinese Medicine1749-85462009-09-01411910.1186/1749-8546-4-19Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it>Opanasopit PraneetKowapradit JariyaTangyuenyongwatana PrasanGritsanapan Wandee<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rhizome of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and the seed of <it>Nigella sativa </it>are two ingredients in Thai traditional medicine to relieve dysmenorrhea and adjust the menstrual cycle. Mixture of these two herbs produces three esters, namely (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl linoleate (1), (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl oleate (2) and (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (3). The aim of this study is to examine <it>in vitro </it>absorption of these esters and evaluate their transport across the membrane.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>In vitro </it>transport of these three esters was observed in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The ester compounds 1, 2 and 3 at a concentration of 10 μM were hydrolyzed by porcine liver esterase.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All esters transported across the Caco-2 cell without enzymatic hydrolysis. The apparent permeability coefficients <it>P</it><sub>app </sub>of compound 1 at 53 μM and 106 μM were 13.94 (0.60) × 10<sup>-6 </sup>and 14.33 (0.17) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s respectively, while those of compound 2 were 9.45 (0.29) × 10<sup>-6 </sup>and 10.08 (0.32) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s, respectively. <it>P</it><sub>app </sub>values of compound 3 were 7.48 (0.31) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 53 μM and 8.60 (0.55) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 106 μM. <it>P</it><sub>app </sub>values of the parent compound (compound D), i.e. (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol were 8.53 (0.83) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 53 μM and 16.38 (0.61) × 10<sup>-6</sup>cm/s at 106 μM. The ester hydrolysis of compounds 1, 2 and 3 by porcine liver esterase was monitored by HPLC and the hydrolysis reactions were completed within 10 minutes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the present study finds that compounds (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl linoleate (1), (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl oleate (2) and (<it>E</it>)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate (3) originated from Prasaplai preparation (a Thai herbal formula) may be transported through a facilitated mechanism and serve as pro-drugs to increase the compound D level in the blood.</p>http://www.cmjournal.org/content/4/1/19 |
| spellingShingle | Opanasopit Praneet Kowapradit Jariya Tangyuenyongwatana Prasan Gritsanapan Wandee Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it> Chinese Medicine |
| title | Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it> |
| title_full | Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it> |
| title_fullStr | Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it> |
| title_short | Cellular transport of anti-inflammatory pro-drugs originated from a herbal formulation of <it>Zingiber cassumunar </it>and <it>Nigella sativa</it> |
| title_sort | cellular transport of anti inflammatory pro drugs originated from a herbal formulation of it zingiber cassumunar it and it nigella sativa it |
| url | http://www.cmjournal.org/content/4/1/19 |
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