Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes
The endoparasitic fungus <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> is an important biocontrol agent of cyst nematodes in nature. To determine the potential parasitism of the fungus on a non-natural host, the pinewood nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) living in pine trees and...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| author | Xin Sun Jiaqian Liao Junru Lu Runmao Lin Manling Zou Bingyan Xie Xinyue Cheng |
| author_facet | Xin Sun Jiaqian Liao Junru Lu Runmao Lin Manling Zou Bingyan Xie Xinyue Cheng |
| author_sort | Xin Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The endoparasitic fungus <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> is an important biocontrol agent of cyst nematodes in nature. To determine the potential parasitism of the fungus on a non-natural host, the pinewood nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) living in pine trees and the endophytic ability of the fungus on plants, in this paper, we first constructed and utilized a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> HR02 transformant to observe the fungal infection process on <i>B</i>. <i>xylophilus</i> and its colonization on <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots. Then, we compared the fungal parasitism on three species of nematodes with different lifestyles, and we found that the fungal parasitism is correlated with nematode species and stages. The parasitic effect of <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> on adults of <i>B. xylophilus</i> is similar to that on second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> after 24 h of inoculation, although the virulence of the fungus to second-stage juveniles of <i>M. incognita</i> is stronger than that to those of <i>B. xylophilus</i> and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. Moreover, the endophytism of <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> was confirmed. By applying an appropriate concentration of <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> conidial suspension (5 × 10<sup>6</sup> spores/mL) in rhizosphere soil, it was found that the endophytic fungus can promote <i>A. thaliana</i> growth and reproduction, as well as improve host resistance against <i>M. incognita.</i> Our results provide a deeper understanding of the fungus <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> as a promising biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e44498bb4c6746c0a4a9c7d104baa7622024-01-26T17:19:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2024-01-011016810.3390/jof10010068Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot NematodesXin Sun0Jiaqian Liao1Junru Lu2Runmao Lin3Manling Zou4Bingyan Xie5Xinyue Cheng6College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaThe endoparasitic fungus <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> is an important biocontrol agent of cyst nematodes in nature. To determine the potential parasitism of the fungus on a non-natural host, the pinewood nematode (<i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>) living in pine trees and the endophytic ability of the fungus on plants, in this paper, we first constructed and utilized a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> HR02 transformant to observe the fungal infection process on <i>B</i>. <i>xylophilus</i> and its colonization on <i>Arabidopsis</i> roots. Then, we compared the fungal parasitism on three species of nematodes with different lifestyles, and we found that the fungal parasitism is correlated with nematode species and stages. The parasitic effect of <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> on adults of <i>B. xylophilus</i> is similar to that on second-stage juveniles (J2) of the root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> after 24 h of inoculation, although the virulence of the fungus to second-stage juveniles of <i>M. incognita</i> is stronger than that to those of <i>B. xylophilus</i> and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. Moreover, the endophytism of <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> was confirmed. By applying an appropriate concentration of <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> conidial suspension (5 × 10<sup>6</sup> spores/mL) in rhizosphere soil, it was found that the endophytic fungus can promote <i>A. thaliana</i> growth and reproduction, as well as improve host resistance against <i>M. incognita.</i> Our results provide a deeper understanding of the fungus <i>H. rhossiliensis</i> as a promising biocontrol agent against plant-parasitic nematodes.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/1/68nematophagous fungusendoparasite<i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i>plant-parasitic nematodeparasitismendophytism |
| spellingShingle | Xin Sun Jiaqian Liao Junru Lu Runmao Lin Manling Zou Bingyan Xie Xinyue Cheng Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes Journal of Fungi nematophagous fungus endoparasite <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> plant-parasitic nematode parasitism endophytism |
| title | Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes |
| title_full | Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes |
| title_fullStr | Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes |
| title_short | Parasitism of <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> on Different Nematodes and Its Endophytism Promoting Plant Growth and Resistance against Root-Knot Nematodes |
| title_sort | parasitism of i hirsutella rhossiliensis i on different nematodes and its endophytism promoting plant growth and resistance against root knot nematodes |
| topic | nematophagous fungus endoparasite <i>Hirsutella rhossiliensis</i> plant-parasitic nematode parasitism endophytism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/1/68 |
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