Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture
Tetrahymena and Paramecium are highly differentiated unicellular organisms with elaborated cortical patterns showing a regular arrangement of hundreds to thousands of basal bodies in longitudinal rows that extend from the anterior to the posterior region of the cell. Thus both ciliates exhibit a per...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2019.00240/full |
| _version_ | 1811286155284447232 |
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| author | Helena Soares Helena Soares Bruno Carmona Bruno Carmona Sofia Nolasco Sofia Nolasco Luís Viseu Melo |
| author_facet | Helena Soares Helena Soares Bruno Carmona Bruno Carmona Sofia Nolasco Sofia Nolasco Luís Viseu Melo |
| author_sort | Helena Soares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tetrahymena and Paramecium are highly differentiated unicellular organisms with elaborated cortical patterns showing a regular arrangement of hundreds to thousands of basal bodies in longitudinal rows that extend from the anterior to the posterior region of the cell. Thus both ciliates exhibit a permanent antero–posterior axis and left–right asymmetry. This cell polarity is reflected in the direction of the structures nucleated around each basal body such as the ciliary rootlets. Studies in these ciliates showed that basal bodies assemble two types of cilia, the cortical cilia and the cilia of the oral apparatus, a complex structure specialized in food capture. These two cilia types display structural differences at their tip domain. Basal bodies possessing distinct compositions creating specialized landmarks are also present. Cilia might be expected to express and transmit polarities throughout signaling pathways given their recognized role in signal transduction. This review will focus on how local polarities in basal bodies/cilia are regulated and transmitted through cell division in order to maintain the global polarity and shape of these cells and locally constrain the interpretation of signals by different cilia. We will also discuss ciliates as excellent biological models to study development and morphogenetic mechanisms and their relationship with cilia diversity and function in metazoans. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:55:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e44d4db064904eb8843f8673bca0d87a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:55:25Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e44d4db064904eb8843f8673bca0d87a2022-12-22T03:05:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2019-10-01710.3389/fcell.2019.00240483259Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell ArchitectureHelena Soares0Helena Soares1Bruno Carmona2Bruno Carmona3Sofia Nolasco4Sofia Nolasco5Luís Viseu Melo6Centro de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalEscola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCentro de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalEscola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalEscola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalPhysics Department and CEFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalTetrahymena and Paramecium are highly differentiated unicellular organisms with elaborated cortical patterns showing a regular arrangement of hundreds to thousands of basal bodies in longitudinal rows that extend from the anterior to the posterior region of the cell. Thus both ciliates exhibit a permanent antero–posterior axis and left–right asymmetry. This cell polarity is reflected in the direction of the structures nucleated around each basal body such as the ciliary rootlets. Studies in these ciliates showed that basal bodies assemble two types of cilia, the cortical cilia and the cilia of the oral apparatus, a complex structure specialized in food capture. These two cilia types display structural differences at their tip domain. Basal bodies possessing distinct compositions creating specialized landmarks are also present. Cilia might be expected to express and transmit polarities throughout signaling pathways given their recognized role in signal transduction. This review will focus on how local polarities in basal bodies/cilia are regulated and transmitted through cell division in order to maintain the global polarity and shape of these cells and locally constrain the interpretation of signals by different cilia. We will also discuss ciliates as excellent biological models to study development and morphogenetic mechanisms and their relationship with cilia diversity and function in metazoans.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2019.00240/fullcell polaritycell patterningciliates cortexsignalingciliabasal bodies |
| spellingShingle | Helena Soares Helena Soares Bruno Carmona Bruno Carmona Sofia Nolasco Sofia Nolasco Luís Viseu Melo Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology cell polarity cell patterning ciliates cortex signaling cilia basal bodies |
| title | Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture |
| title_full | Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture |
| title_fullStr | Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture |
| title_short | Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture |
| title_sort | polarity in ciliate models from cilia to cell architecture |
| topic | cell polarity cell patterning ciliates cortex signaling cilia basal bodies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2019.00240/full |
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