How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests
The integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the electrical energy distribution systems, as well as the widespread of non-linear loads, has led to a significant increase in power quality (PQ) disturbances. For this reason, PQ monitoring is also becoming a key task in medium voltag...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5847 |
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| author | Gabriella Crotti Yeying Chen Huseyin Çayci Giovanni D’Avanzo Carmine Landi Palma Sara Letizia Mario Luiso Enrico Mohns Fabio Muñoz Renata Styblikova Helko van den Brom |
| author_facet | Gabriella Crotti Yeying Chen Huseyin Çayci Giovanni D’Avanzo Carmine Landi Palma Sara Letizia Mario Luiso Enrico Mohns Fabio Muñoz Renata Styblikova Helko van den Brom |
| author_sort | Gabriella Crotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the electrical energy distribution systems, as well as the widespread of non-linear loads, has led to a significant increase in power quality (PQ) disturbances. For this reason, PQ monitoring is also becoming a key task in medium voltage (MV) grids. The measurement of PQ at MV levels can only be performed using instrument transformers (ITs) to scale down the level of voltage and current to levels suitable for the input stage of PQ instruments. However, no international standards currently require the verification of the errors introduced by ITs in the measurement of PQ phenomena. Moreover, this issue is only partially addressed in the scientific literature, where papers dealing with specific and limited aspects of the problem can be found. For this reason, this paper aims to comprehensively assess the issue, proposing IT accuracy verification tests for different PQ parameters. First, a set of PQ phenomena relevant for IT testing is chosen, as well as the associated ranges of variation, based on a review of the enforced standards and the scientific literature. For each selected PQ phenomenon, possible performance indices and test waveforms are proposed. Finally, the proposed procedure is validated by applying it to the characterization of two different types of commercial voltage transformers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:11:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e44db5587dfc49f3a18cb959d8c24ed5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:11:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e44db5587dfc49f3a18cb959d8c24ed52023-11-30T22:52:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-08-012215584710.3390/s22155847How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification TestsGabriella Crotti0Yeying Chen1Huseyin Çayci2Giovanni D’Avanzo3Carmine Landi4Palma Sara Letizia5Mario Luiso6Enrico Mohns7Fabio Muñoz8Renata Styblikova9Helko van den Brom10Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Str. delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Torino, ItalyPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Parkplatz, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, GermanyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK), Tunus Caddesi No:80, Kavaklıdere, Ankara 06680, TurkeyDipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Str. delle Cacce, 91, 10135 Torino, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Parkplatz, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, GermanyVSL B.V. (VSL), Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The NetherlandsCesky Metrologicky Institut (CMI), Okružní 31/772, 638 00 Brno, Czech RepublicVSL B.V. (VSL), Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The NetherlandsThe integration of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the electrical energy distribution systems, as well as the widespread of non-linear loads, has led to a significant increase in power quality (PQ) disturbances. For this reason, PQ monitoring is also becoming a key task in medium voltage (MV) grids. The measurement of PQ at MV levels can only be performed using instrument transformers (ITs) to scale down the level of voltage and current to levels suitable for the input stage of PQ instruments. However, no international standards currently require the verification of the errors introduced by ITs in the measurement of PQ phenomena. Moreover, this issue is only partially addressed in the scientific literature, where papers dealing with specific and limited aspects of the problem can be found. For this reason, this paper aims to comprehensively assess the issue, proposing IT accuracy verification tests for different PQ parameters. First, a set of PQ phenomena relevant for IT testing is chosen, as well as the associated ranges of variation, based on a review of the enforced standards and the scientific literature. For each selected PQ phenomenon, possible performance indices and test waveforms are proposed. Finally, the proposed procedure is validated by applying it to the characterization of two different types of commercial voltage transformers.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5847power system measurementsinstrument transformerspower qualityaccuracy |
| spellingShingle | Gabriella Crotti Yeying Chen Huseyin Çayci Giovanni D’Avanzo Carmine Landi Palma Sara Letizia Mario Luiso Enrico Mohns Fabio Muñoz Renata Styblikova Helko van den Brom How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests Sensors power system measurements instrument transformers power quality accuracy |
| title | How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests |
| title_full | How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests |
| title_fullStr | How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests |
| title_short | How Instrument Transformers Influence Power Quality Measurements: A Proposal of Accuracy Verification Tests |
| title_sort | how instrument transformers influence power quality measurements a proposal of accuracy verification tests |
| topic | power system measurements instrument transformers power quality accuracy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/15/5847 |
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