Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products
The need to drive towards sustainable metal resource recovery from end-of-cycle products cannot be overstated. This review attempts to investigate progress in the development of recycling strategies for the recovery of strategic metals, such as precious metals and base metals, from catalytic convert...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/7/673 |
| _version_ | 1797528908723126272 |
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| author | Luthando Xolo Pulleng Moleko-Boyce Hlamulo Makelane Nobathembu Faleni Zenixole R. Tshentu |
| author_facet | Luthando Xolo Pulleng Moleko-Boyce Hlamulo Makelane Nobathembu Faleni Zenixole R. Tshentu |
| author_sort | Luthando Xolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The need to drive towards sustainable metal resource recovery from end-of-cycle products cannot be overstated. This review attempts to investigate progress in the development of recycling strategies for the recovery of strategic metals, such as precious metals and base metals, from catalytic converters, e-waste, and batteries. Several methods for the recovery of metal resources have been explored for these waste streams, such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy. The results are discussed, and the efficiency of the processes and the chemistry involved are detailed. The conversion of metal waste to high-value nanomaterials is also presented. Process flow diagrams are also presented, where possible, to represent simplified process steps. Despite concerns about environmental effects from processing the metal waste streams, the gains for driving towards a circular economy of these waste streams are enormous. Therefore, the development of greener processes is recommended. In addition, countries need to manage their metal waste streams appropriately and ensure that this becomes part of the formal economic activity and, therefore, becomes regulated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:06:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e452e705b9264813bf03a497c0ead22b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:06:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-e452e705b9264813bf03a497c0ead22b2023-11-22T01:33:15ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2021-06-0111767310.3390/min11070673Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary ProductsLuthando Xolo0Pulleng Moleko-Boyce1Hlamulo Makelane2Nobathembu Faleni3Zenixole R. Tshentu4Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6001, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6001, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6001, South AfricaDepartment of Applied Science, Buffalo City Campus, Water Sisulu University, East London 5200, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6001, South AfricaThe need to drive towards sustainable metal resource recovery from end-of-cycle products cannot be overstated. This review attempts to investigate progress in the development of recycling strategies for the recovery of strategic metals, such as precious metals and base metals, from catalytic converters, e-waste, and batteries. Several methods for the recovery of metal resources have been explored for these waste streams, such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy. The results are discussed, and the efficiency of the processes and the chemistry involved are detailed. The conversion of metal waste to high-value nanomaterials is also presented. Process flow diagrams are also presented, where possible, to represent simplified process steps. Despite concerns about environmental effects from processing the metal waste streams, the gains for driving towards a circular economy of these waste streams are enormous. Therefore, the development of greener processes is recommended. In addition, countries need to manage their metal waste streams appropriately and ensure that this becomes part of the formal economic activity and, therefore, becomes regulated.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/7/673catalytic converterselectronic wastebatteriesprecious metalsrecoveryvalorisation |
| spellingShingle | Luthando Xolo Pulleng Moleko-Boyce Hlamulo Makelane Nobathembu Faleni Zenixole R. Tshentu Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products Minerals catalytic converters electronic waste batteries precious metals recovery valorisation |
| title | Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products |
| title_full | Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products |
| title_fullStr | Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products |
| title_full_unstemmed | Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products |
| title_short | Status of Recovery of Strategic Metals from Spent Secondary Products |
| title_sort | status of recovery of strategic metals from spent secondary products |
| topic | catalytic converters electronic waste batteries precious metals recovery valorisation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/7/673 |
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