Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns
Environmental contamination with a myriad of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is triggered by various natural and anthropogenic activities. However, the industrial revolution has increased the intensity of these hazardous elements and their concentration in the environment, which, in turn, could pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/3/429 |
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| author | Zishan Ahmad Wani Zeeshan Ahmad Mohd Asgher Jahangeer A. Bhat Manju Sharma Ashish Kumar Virbala Sharma Amit Kumar Shreekar Pant Alexander S. Lukatkin Naser A. Anjum |
| author_facet | Zishan Ahmad Wani Zeeshan Ahmad Mohd Asgher Jahangeer A. Bhat Manju Sharma Ashish Kumar Virbala Sharma Amit Kumar Shreekar Pant Alexander S. Lukatkin Naser A. Anjum |
| author_sort | Zishan Ahmad Wani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental contamination with a myriad of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is triggered by various natural and anthropogenic activities. However, the industrial revolution has increased the intensity of these hazardous elements and their concentration in the environment, which, in turn, could provoke potential ecological risks. Additionally, most PTEs pose a considerable nuisance to human beings and affect soil, aquatic organisms, and even nematodes and microbes. This comprehensive review aims to: (i) introduce potentially toxic elements; (ii) overview the major sources of PTEs in the major environmental compartments; (iii) briefly highlight the major impacts of PTEs on humans, plants, aquatic life, and the health of soil; (iv) appraise the major methods for tackling PTE-caused pollution; (v) discuss the concept and applications of the major eco-technological/green approaches (comprising phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and phytorestoration); (vi) highlight the role of microbes in phytoremediation under PTE stress; and (vii) enlighten the major role of genetic engineering in advancing the phytoremediation of varied PTEs. Overall, appropriate strategies must be developed in order to stop gene flow into wild species, and biosafety issues must be properly addressed. Additionally, consistent efforts should be undertaken to tackle the major issues (e.g., risk estimation, understanding, acceptance and feasibility) in order to guarantee the successful implementation of phytoremediation programs, raise awareness of this green technology among laymen, and to strengthen networking among scientists, stakeholders, industrialists, governments and non-government organizations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e45322ed58da4b6cb1c003d0ef7ea71f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:30:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e45322ed58da4b6cb1c003d0ef7ea71f2023-11-16T17:42:12ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-01-0112342910.3390/plants12030429Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and ConcernsZishan Ahmad Wani0Zeeshan Ahmad1Mohd Asgher2Jahangeer A. Bhat3Manju Sharma4Ashish Kumar5Virbala Sharma6Amit Kumar7Shreekar Pant8Alexander S. Lukatkin9Naser A. Anjum10Conservation Ecology Lab, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, JK, IndiaDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, JK, IndiaCollege of Horticulture & Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, UP, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, JK, IndiaG. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, UK, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamsala 176213, HP, IndiaSchool of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCentre for Biodiversity Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, JK, IndiaDepartment of General Biology and Ecology, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str., 68, Saransk 430005, RussiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, IndiaEnvironmental contamination with a myriad of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is triggered by various natural and anthropogenic activities. However, the industrial revolution has increased the intensity of these hazardous elements and their concentration in the environment, which, in turn, could provoke potential ecological risks. Additionally, most PTEs pose a considerable nuisance to human beings and affect soil, aquatic organisms, and even nematodes and microbes. This comprehensive review aims to: (i) introduce potentially toxic elements; (ii) overview the major sources of PTEs in the major environmental compartments; (iii) briefly highlight the major impacts of PTEs on humans, plants, aquatic life, and the health of soil; (iv) appraise the major methods for tackling PTE-caused pollution; (v) discuss the concept and applications of the major eco-technological/green approaches (comprising phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and phytorestoration); (vi) highlight the role of microbes in phytoremediation under PTE stress; and (vii) enlighten the major role of genetic engineering in advancing the phytoremediation of varied PTEs. Overall, appropriate strategies must be developed in order to stop gene flow into wild species, and biosafety issues must be properly addressed. Additionally, consistent efforts should be undertaken to tackle the major issues (e.g., risk estimation, understanding, acceptance and feasibility) in order to guarantee the successful implementation of phytoremediation programs, raise awareness of this green technology among laymen, and to strengthen networking among scientists, stakeholders, industrialists, governments and non-government organizations.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/3/429potentially toxic elementspollutionhazardous effectsphytoremediationplant biomass |
| spellingShingle | Zishan Ahmad Wani Zeeshan Ahmad Mohd Asgher Jahangeer A. Bhat Manju Sharma Ashish Kumar Virbala Sharma Amit Kumar Shreekar Pant Alexander S. Lukatkin Naser A. Anjum Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns Plants potentially toxic elements pollution hazardous effects phytoremediation plant biomass |
| title | Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns |
| title_full | Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns |
| title_fullStr | Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns |
| title_short | Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: Role, Status and Concerns |
| title_sort | phytoremediation of potentially toxic elements role status and concerns |
| topic | potentially toxic elements pollution hazardous effects phytoremediation plant biomass |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/3/429 |
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