The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The phylogenetic position of pycnogonids is a long-standing and controversial issue in arthropod phylogeny. This controversy has recently been rekindled by differences in the conclusions based on neuroanatomical data concerning the c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2007-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/343 |
| _version_ | 1818661724881944576 |
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| author | Lee Yong-Seok Park Shin-Ju Hwang Ui |
| author_facet | Lee Yong-Seok Park Shin-Ju Hwang Ui |
| author_sort | Lee Yong-Seok |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The phylogenetic position of pycnogonids is a long-standing and controversial issue in arthropod phylogeny. This controversy has recently been rekindled by differences in the conclusions based on neuroanatomical data concerning the chelifore and the patterns of <it>Hox </it>expression. The mitochondrial genome of a sea spider, <it>Nymphon gracile </it>(Pycnogonida, Nymphonidae), was recently reported in an attempt to address this issue. However, <it>N. gracile </it>appears to be a long-branch taxon on the phylogenetic tree and exhibits a number of peculiar features, such as 10 tRNA translocations and even an inversion of several protein-coding genes. Sequences of other pycnogonid mitochondrial genomes are needed if the position of pycnogonids is to be elucidated on this basis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The complete mitochondrial genome (15,474 bp) of a sea spider (<it>Achelia bituberculata</it>) belonging to the family Ammotheidae, which combines a number of anatomical features considered plesiomorphic with respect to other pycnogonids, was sequenced and characterized. The genome organization shows the features typical of most metazoan animal genomes (37 tightly-packed genes). The overall gene arrangement is completely identical to the arthropod ground pattern, with one exception: the position of the <it>trnQ </it>gene between the <it>rrnS </it>gene and the control region. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees inferred from the amino acid sequences of mitochondrial protein-coding genes consistently indicate that the pycnogonids (<it>A. bituberculata </it>and <it>N. gracile</it>) may be closely related to the clade of Acari and Araneae.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of <it>A. bituberculata </it>(Family Ammotheidae) and the previously-reported partial sequence of <it>Endeis spinosa </it>show the gene arrangement patterns typical of arthropods (<it>Limulus</it>-like), but they differ markedly from that of <it>N. gracile</it>. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed that Pycnogonida may be authentic arachnids (= aquatic arachnids) within Chelicerata <it>sensu lato</it>, as indicated by the name 'sea spider,' and suggest that the Cormogonida theory – that the pycnogonids are a sister group of all other arthropods – should be rejected. However, in view of the relatively weak node confidence, strand-biased nucleotide composition and long-branch attraction artifact, further more intensive studies seem necessary to resolve the exact position of the pycnogonids.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T04:49:37Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T04:49:37Z |
| publishDate | 2007-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e454d45083914f1f81a061c12760e9932022-12-21T22:02:56ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642007-10-018134310.1186/1471-2164-8-343The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangementLee Yong-SeokPark Shin-JuHwang Ui<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The phylogenetic position of pycnogonids is a long-standing and controversial issue in arthropod phylogeny. This controversy has recently been rekindled by differences in the conclusions based on neuroanatomical data concerning the chelifore and the patterns of <it>Hox </it>expression. The mitochondrial genome of a sea spider, <it>Nymphon gracile </it>(Pycnogonida, Nymphonidae), was recently reported in an attempt to address this issue. However, <it>N. gracile </it>appears to be a long-branch taxon on the phylogenetic tree and exhibits a number of peculiar features, such as 10 tRNA translocations and even an inversion of several protein-coding genes. Sequences of other pycnogonid mitochondrial genomes are needed if the position of pycnogonids is to be elucidated on this basis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The complete mitochondrial genome (15,474 bp) of a sea spider (<it>Achelia bituberculata</it>) belonging to the family Ammotheidae, which combines a number of anatomical features considered plesiomorphic with respect to other pycnogonids, was sequenced and characterized. The genome organization shows the features typical of most metazoan animal genomes (37 tightly-packed genes). The overall gene arrangement is completely identical to the arthropod ground pattern, with one exception: the position of the <it>trnQ </it>gene between the <it>rrnS </it>gene and the control region. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees inferred from the amino acid sequences of mitochondrial protein-coding genes consistently indicate that the pycnogonids (<it>A. bituberculata </it>and <it>N. gracile</it>) may be closely related to the clade of Acari and Araneae.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of <it>A. bituberculata </it>(Family Ammotheidae) and the previously-reported partial sequence of <it>Endeis spinosa </it>show the gene arrangement patterns typical of arthropods (<it>Limulus</it>-like), but they differ markedly from that of <it>N. gracile</it>. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed that Pycnogonida may be authentic arachnids (= aquatic arachnids) within Chelicerata <it>sensu lato</it>, as indicated by the name 'sea spider,' and suggest that the Cormogonida theory – that the pycnogonids are a sister group of all other arthropods – should be rejected. However, in view of the relatively weak node confidence, strand-biased nucleotide composition and long-branch attraction artifact, further more intensive studies seem necessary to resolve the exact position of the pycnogonids.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/343 |
| spellingShingle | Lee Yong-Seok Park Shin-Ju Hwang Ui The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement BMC Genomics |
| title | The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement |
| title_full | The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement |
| title_fullStr | The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement |
| title_full_unstemmed | The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement |
| title_short | The complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider <it>Achelia bituberculata </it>(Pycnogonida, Ammotheidae): arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement |
| title_sort | complete mitochondrial genome of the sea spider it achelia bituberculata it pycnogonida ammotheidae arthropod ground pattern of gene arrangement |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/343 |
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