Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>
C-type lectin X (CTL-X) plays critical roles in immune defense, cell adhesion, and developmental regulation. Here, a transmembrane CTL-X of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, <i>TcCTL15,</i> with multiple domains was characterized. It was highly expressed in the early and late pupae...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| author | Suisui Wang Huayi Ai Yonglei Zhang Jingxiu Bi Han Gao Peng Chen Bin Li |
| author_facet | Suisui Wang Huayi Ai Yonglei Zhang Jingxiu Bi Han Gao Peng Chen Bin Li |
| author_sort | Suisui Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | C-type lectin X (CTL-X) plays critical roles in immune defense, cell adhesion, and developmental regulation. Here, a transmembrane CTL-X of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, <i>TcCTL15,</i> with multiple domains was characterized. It was highly expressed in the early and late pupae and early adults and was distributed in all examined tissues. In addition, its expression levels were significantly induced after being challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. In vitro, the recombinant TcCTL15 could recognize bacteria through binding PAMPs and exhibit agglutinating activity against a narrow range of bacteria in the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup>. RNAi-mediated <i>TcCTL15</i>-knockdown-larvae infected with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed less survival, had activated immune signaling pathways, and induced the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Moreover, silencing <i>TcCTL15</i> caused eclosion defects by impairing ecdysone and crustacean cardioactive peptide receptors (CCAPRs). Suppression of <i>TcCTL15</i> in female adults led to defects in ovary development and fecundity, accompanied by concomitant reductions in the mRNA levels of vitellogenin (<i>TcVg)</i> and farnesol dehydrogenase (<i>TcFDH)</i>. These findings imply that TcCTL15 has extensive functions in developmental regulation and antibacterial immunity. Uncovering the function of TcCTL15 will enrich the understanding of CTL-X in invertebrates. Its multiple biological functions endow the potential to be an attractive target for pest control. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:01:24Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e456c0d0297b447c87a9be9e742196b22023-11-16T19:44:44ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-02-0112460810.3390/cells12040608Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>Suisui Wang0Huayi Ai1Yonglei Zhang2Jingxiu Bi3Han Gao4Peng Chen5Bin Li6Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaC-type lectin X (CTL-X) plays critical roles in immune defense, cell adhesion, and developmental regulation. Here, a transmembrane CTL-X of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, <i>TcCTL15,</i> with multiple domains was characterized. It was highly expressed in the early and late pupae and early adults and was distributed in all examined tissues. In addition, its expression levels were significantly induced after being challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. In vitro, the recombinant TcCTL15 could recognize bacteria through binding PAMPs and exhibit agglutinating activity against a narrow range of bacteria in the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup>. RNAi-mediated <i>TcCTL15</i>-knockdown-larvae infected with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed less survival, had activated immune signaling pathways, and induced the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Moreover, silencing <i>TcCTL15</i> caused eclosion defects by impairing ecdysone and crustacean cardioactive peptide receptors (CCAPRs). Suppression of <i>TcCTL15</i> in female adults led to defects in ovary development and fecundity, accompanied by concomitant reductions in the mRNA levels of vitellogenin (<i>TcVg)</i> and farnesol dehydrogenase (<i>TcFDH)</i>. These findings imply that TcCTL15 has extensive functions in developmental regulation and antibacterial immunity. Uncovering the function of TcCTL15 will enrich the understanding of CTL-X in invertebrates. Its multiple biological functions endow the potential to be an attractive target for pest control.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/608C-type lectin X<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>RNAiinnate immunityeclosionreproduction |
| spellingShingle | Suisui Wang Huayi Ai Yonglei Zhang Jingxiu Bi Han Gao Peng Chen Bin Li Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> Cells C-type lectin X <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> RNAi innate immunity eclosion reproduction |
| title | Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> |
| title_full | Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> |
| title_short | Functional Analysis of a Multiple-Domain CTL15 in the Innate Immunity, Eclosion, and Reproduction of <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> |
| title_sort | functional analysis of a multiple domain ctl15 in the innate immunity eclosion and reproduction of i tribolium castaneum i |
| topic | C-type lectin X <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> RNAi innate immunity eclosion reproduction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/4/608 |
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