On the Structure of Topological Spaces
The structure of topological spaces is analysed here through the lenses of fibrous preorders. Each topological space has an associated fibrous preorder and those fibrous preorders which return a topological space are called spatial. A special class of spatial fibrous preorders consisting of an inter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Axioms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/2/49 |
| _version_ | 1797482766344912896 |
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| author | Nelson Martins-Ferreira |
| author_facet | Nelson Martins-Ferreira |
| author_sort | Nelson Martins-Ferreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The structure of topological spaces is analysed here through the lenses of fibrous preorders. Each topological space has an associated fibrous preorder and those fibrous preorders which return a topological space are called spatial. A special class of spatial fibrous preorders consisting of an interconnected family of preorders indexed by a unitary magma is called Cartesian and is studied here. Topological spaces that are obtained from those fibrous preorders, with a unitary magma <i>I</i>, are called <i>I</i>-Cartesian and are characterized. The characterization reveals a hidden structure on such spaces. Several other characterizations are obtained, and special attention is drawn to the case of a monoid equipped with a topology. A wide range of examples is provided, as well as general procedures to obtain topologies from other data types such as groups and their actions. Metric spaces and normed spaces are considered as well. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:37:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e45c6615a6d74c998beba77ec893dc04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1680 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:37:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Axioms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e45c6615a6d74c998beba77ec893dc042023-11-23T18:46:50ZengMDPI AGAxioms2075-16802022-01-011124910.3390/axioms11020049On the Structure of Topological SpacesNelson Martins-Ferreira0School of Technology and Management, Politécnico de Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, PortugalThe structure of topological spaces is analysed here through the lenses of fibrous preorders. Each topological space has an associated fibrous preorder and those fibrous preorders which return a topological space are called spatial. A special class of spatial fibrous preorders consisting of an interconnected family of preorders indexed by a unitary magma is called Cartesian and is studied here. Topological spaces that are obtained from those fibrous preorders, with a unitary magma <i>I</i>, are called <i>I</i>-Cartesian and are characterized. The characterization reveals a hidden structure on such spaces. Several other characterizations are obtained, and special attention is drawn to the case of a monoid equipped with a topology. A wide range of examples is provided, as well as general procedures to obtain topologies from other data types such as groups and their actions. Metric spaces and normed spaces are considered as well.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/2/49preorderfibrous preorderspatial fibrous preorderCartesian spatial fibrous preordertopological spacetopological group |
| spellingShingle | Nelson Martins-Ferreira On the Structure of Topological Spaces Axioms preorder fibrous preorder spatial fibrous preorder Cartesian spatial fibrous preorder topological space topological group |
| title | On the Structure of Topological Spaces |
| title_full | On the Structure of Topological Spaces |
| title_fullStr | On the Structure of Topological Spaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Structure of Topological Spaces |
| title_short | On the Structure of Topological Spaces |
| title_sort | on the structure of topological spaces |
| topic | preorder fibrous preorder spatial fibrous preorder Cartesian spatial fibrous preorder topological space topological group |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/11/2/49 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nelsonmartinsferreira onthestructureoftopologicalspaces |