Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids
Cannabis sativa is known for having unique specialized or secondary metabolites, cannabinoids that are derived from an extension of the terpene pathway in the Cannabis lineage and includes more than 100 other similar metabolites. Despite the assumption that cannabinoids evolved as novel herbivory de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1223894/full |
| _version_ | 1797658806193225728 |
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| author | Jacob MacWilliams Erika Peirce William Jacob Pitt Melissa Schreiner Tierra Matthews Linxing Yao Corey Broeckling Punya Nachappa |
| author_facet | Jacob MacWilliams Erika Peirce William Jacob Pitt Melissa Schreiner Tierra Matthews Linxing Yao Corey Broeckling Punya Nachappa |
| author_sort | Jacob MacWilliams |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cannabis sativa is known for having unique specialized or secondary metabolites, cannabinoids that are derived from an extension of the terpene pathway in the Cannabis lineage and includes more than 100 other similar metabolites. Despite the assumption that cannabinoids evolved as novel herbivory defense adaptations, there is limited research addressing the role of cannabinoids in C. sativa responses to insect herbivores. Here we investigated the role of cannabidiol (CBD), the predominant cannabinoid in hemp, in plant defense against cannabis aphid (Phorodon cannabis), one of the most damaging pests of hemp. We hypothesize that insect feeding may induce changes in cannabinoids as an adaptive strategy for defense. We found that mean fecundity, net reproductive rate (R0) and adult longevity of cannabis aphids was reduced on the high cannabinoid cultivar compared to the low- cannabinoid cultivar in whole plant assays. In contrast, supplementation of CBD in artificial feeding assays increased aphid fecundity from day 1 to day 3. Additionally, aphid feeding did not impact cannabinoid levels in leaf tissues with the exception of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This suggests that other cannabinoids and/or metabolites such as terpenes are causing the observed decrease in aphid performance in the whole plant assays. In addition to cannabinoids, C. sativa also possesses a range of defense mechanisms via phytohormone signaling pathways that are well described in other plant species. Indeed, cannabis aphid feeding significantly increased levels of the major phytohormones, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, which are known to be involved in plant defense responses against aphid species. These results highlight the interplay between cannabinoid synthesis and phytohormone pathways and necessitate further investigation into this complex interaction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:05:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4648963b97f47e483a410e9a879ea93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:05:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4648963b97f47e483a410e9a879ea932023-10-17T08:22:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-10-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12238941223894Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphidsJacob MacWilliams0Erika Peirce1William Jacob Pitt2Melissa Schreiner3Tierra Matthews4Linxing Yao5Corey Broeckling6Punya Nachappa7Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesTri-River Area Extension, Colorado State University, Grand Junction, CO, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesAnalytical Resources Core-Bioanalysis and Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesAnalytical Resources Core-Bioanalysis and Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesCannabis sativa is known for having unique specialized or secondary metabolites, cannabinoids that are derived from an extension of the terpene pathway in the Cannabis lineage and includes more than 100 other similar metabolites. Despite the assumption that cannabinoids evolved as novel herbivory defense adaptations, there is limited research addressing the role of cannabinoids in C. sativa responses to insect herbivores. Here we investigated the role of cannabidiol (CBD), the predominant cannabinoid in hemp, in plant defense against cannabis aphid (Phorodon cannabis), one of the most damaging pests of hemp. We hypothesize that insect feeding may induce changes in cannabinoids as an adaptive strategy for defense. We found that mean fecundity, net reproductive rate (R0) and adult longevity of cannabis aphids was reduced on the high cannabinoid cultivar compared to the low- cannabinoid cultivar in whole plant assays. In contrast, supplementation of CBD in artificial feeding assays increased aphid fecundity from day 1 to day 3. Additionally, aphid feeding did not impact cannabinoid levels in leaf tissues with the exception of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This suggests that other cannabinoids and/or metabolites such as terpenes are causing the observed decrease in aphid performance in the whole plant assays. In addition to cannabinoids, C. sativa also possesses a range of defense mechanisms via phytohormone signaling pathways that are well described in other plant species. Indeed, cannabis aphid feeding significantly increased levels of the major phytohormones, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, which are known to be involved in plant defense responses against aphid species. These results highlight the interplay between cannabinoid synthesis and phytohormone pathways and necessitate further investigation into this complex interaction.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1223894/fullCannabis sativacannabis aphidscannabinoidsphytohormonesinsect performance |
| spellingShingle | Jacob MacWilliams Erika Peirce William Jacob Pitt Melissa Schreiner Tierra Matthews Linxing Yao Corey Broeckling Punya Nachappa Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids Frontiers in Plant Science Cannabis sativa cannabis aphids cannabinoids phytohormones insect performance |
| title | Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids |
| title_full | Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids |
| title_short | Assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol (CBD) in Cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids |
| title_sort | assessing the adaptive role of cannabidiol cbd in cannabis sativa defense against cannabis aphids |
| topic | Cannabis sativa cannabis aphids cannabinoids phytohormones insect performance |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1223894/full |
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