A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
IntroductionOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel diagnostic tool with increasing applications in ophthalmology clinics that provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinal microvasculature. Our aim is to report in detail an experimental protocol for analyzing both...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00566/full |
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| author | David Cordeiro Sousa David Cordeiro Sousa David Cordeiro Sousa Inês Leal Inês Leal Susana Moreira Sónia do Vale Sónia do Vale Ana S. Silva-Herdade Patrício Aguiar Patrício Aguiar Patrícia Dionísio Luís Abegão Pinto Luís Abegão Pinto Miguel A. R. B. Castanho Carlos Marques-Neves Carlos Marques-Neves |
| author_facet | David Cordeiro Sousa David Cordeiro Sousa David Cordeiro Sousa Inês Leal Inês Leal Susana Moreira Sónia do Vale Sónia do Vale Ana S. Silva-Herdade Patrício Aguiar Patrício Aguiar Patrícia Dionísio Luís Abegão Pinto Luís Abegão Pinto Miguel A. R. B. Castanho Carlos Marques-Neves Carlos Marques-Neves |
| author_sort | David Cordeiro Sousa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel diagnostic tool with increasing applications in ophthalmology clinics that provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinal microvasculature. Our aim is to report in detail an experimental protocol for analyzing both vasodilatory and vasoconstriction retinal vascular responses with the available OCT-A technology.MethodsA commercial OCT-A device was used (AngioVue®, Optovue, CA, United States), and all examinations were performed by an experienced technician using the standard protocol for macular examination. Two standardized tests were applied: (i) the hypoxia challenge test (HCT) and (ii) the handgrip test, in order to induce a vasodilatory and vasoconstriction response, respectively. OCT-A was performed at baseline conditions and during the stress test. Macular parafoveal vessel density of the superficial and deep plexuses was assessed from the en face angiograms. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA v14.1 and p < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.ResultsTwenty-four eyes of 24 healthy subjects (10 male) were studied. Mean age was 31.8 ± 8.2 years (range, 18–57 years). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the superficial plexus increased from 54.7 ± 2.6 in baseline conditions to 56.0 ± 2.0 in hypoxia (p < 0.01). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the deep plexuses also increased, from 60.4 ± 2.2 at baseline to 61.5 ± 2.1 during hypoxia (p < 0.01). The OCT-A during the handgrip test revealed a decrease in vessel density in both superficial (55.5 ± 2.6 to 53.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.001) and deep (60.2 ± 1.8 to 56.7 ± 2.8, p < 0.001) parafoveal plexuses.DiscussionIn this work, we detail a simple, non-invasive, safe, and non-costly protocol to assess a central nervous system vascular response (i.e., the retinal circulation) using OCT-A technology. A vasodilatory response and a vasoconstriction response were observed in two physiologic conditions—mild hypoxia and isometric exercise, respectively. This protocol constitutes a new way of studying retinal vascular changes that may be applied in health and disease of multiple medical fields. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-e46e80d2c0284def943c551624706efe2022-12-21T18:34:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-06-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00566461224A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography AngiographyDavid Cordeiro Sousa0David Cordeiro Sousa1David Cordeiro Sousa2Inês Leal3Inês Leal4Susana Moreira5Sónia do Vale6Sónia do Vale7Ana S. Silva-Herdade8Patrício Aguiar9Patrício Aguiar10Patrícia Dionísio11Luís Abegão Pinto12Luís Abegão Pinto13Miguel A. R. B. Castanho14Carlos Marques-Neves15Carlos Marques-Neves16Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalVision Sciences Study Center, CECV, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalManchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United KingdomOphthalmology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalVision Sciences Study Center, CECV, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalRespiratory Medicine Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalEndocrinology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalEndocrinology Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Bioquímica, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalMedicine I Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalClinica Universitária de Medicina I, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalRespiratory Medicine Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalOphthalmology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalVision Sciences Study Center, CECV, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Bioquímica, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalOphthalmology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, PortugalVision Sciences Study Center, CECV, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalIntroductionOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel diagnostic tool with increasing applications in ophthalmology clinics that provides non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the retinal microvasculature. Our aim is to report in detail an experimental protocol for analyzing both vasodilatory and vasoconstriction retinal vascular responses with the available OCT-A technology.MethodsA commercial OCT-A device was used (AngioVue®, Optovue, CA, United States), and all examinations were performed by an experienced technician using the standard protocol for macular examination. Two standardized tests were applied: (i) the hypoxia challenge test (HCT) and (ii) the handgrip test, in order to induce a vasodilatory and vasoconstriction response, respectively. OCT-A was performed at baseline conditions and during the stress test. Macular parafoveal vessel density of the superficial and deep plexuses was assessed from the en face angiograms. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA v14.1 and p < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance.ResultsTwenty-four eyes of 24 healthy subjects (10 male) were studied. Mean age was 31.8 ± 8.2 years (range, 18–57 years). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the superficial plexus increased from 54.7 ± 2.6 in baseline conditions to 56.0 ± 2.0 in hypoxia (p < 0.01). Mean parafoveal vessel density in the deep plexuses also increased, from 60.4 ± 2.2 at baseline to 61.5 ± 2.1 during hypoxia (p < 0.01). The OCT-A during the handgrip test revealed a decrease in vessel density in both superficial (55.5 ± 2.6 to 53.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.001) and deep (60.2 ± 1.8 to 56.7 ± 2.8, p < 0.001) parafoveal plexuses.DiscussionIn this work, we detail a simple, non-invasive, safe, and non-costly protocol to assess a central nervous system vascular response (i.e., the retinal circulation) using OCT-A technology. A vasodilatory response and a vasoconstriction response were observed in two physiologic conditions—mild hypoxia and isometric exercise, respectively. This protocol constitutes a new way of studying retinal vascular changes that may be applied in health and disease of multiple medical fields.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00566/fulloptical coherence tomography angiographyretinal vascular responseretinal superficial plexusretinal deep plexushypoxia challenge testhandgrip test |
| spellingShingle | David Cordeiro Sousa David Cordeiro Sousa David Cordeiro Sousa Inês Leal Inês Leal Susana Moreira Sónia do Vale Sónia do Vale Ana S. Silva-Herdade Patrício Aguiar Patrício Aguiar Patrícia Dionísio Luís Abegão Pinto Luís Abegão Pinto Miguel A. R. B. Castanho Carlos Marques-Neves Carlos Marques-Neves A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Frontiers in Neuroscience optical coherence tomography angiography retinal vascular response retinal superficial plexus retinal deep plexus hypoxia challenge test handgrip test |
| title | A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography |
| title_full | A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography |
| title_fullStr | A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography |
| title_short | A Protocol to Evaluate Retinal Vascular Response Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography |
| title_sort | protocol to evaluate retinal vascular response using optical coherence tomography angiography |
| topic | optical coherence tomography angiography retinal vascular response retinal superficial plexus retinal deep plexus hypoxia challenge test handgrip test |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00566/full |
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