Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones
Surface waves perform a crucial role in modulating tropical cyclone (TC) systems and have proved to be key for numerical TC predictions. In this study, we investigate the effects of wave-induced mixing and wave-affected surface exchange coefficients using a coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave model for tw...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1594 |
| _version_ | 1827747826498535424 |
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| author | Wenqing Zhang Jialin Zhang Qingxiang Liu Jian Sun Rui Li Changlong Guan |
| author_facet | Wenqing Zhang Jialin Zhang Qingxiang Liu Jian Sun Rui Li Changlong Guan |
| author_sort | Wenqing Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surface waves perform a crucial role in modulating tropical cyclone (TC) systems and have proved to be key for numerical TC predictions. In this study, we investigate the effects of wave-induced mixing and wave-affected surface exchange coefficients using a coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave model for two real TC cases: Shanshan (2018) and Megi (2010). The results demonstrate that wave-affected surface exchange coefficients enhance air–sea heat fluxes and have a significantly positive effect on simulated TC intensity, size, and strengthening process. In contrast, the wave-induced mixing has a negative impact on TC intensity and size and is not conducive to TC intensification and maintenance. The net effect of these two factors is a balance between the wave-affected positive contribution and the negative contribution from wave-induced sea surface temperature cooling. We find that the effect of wave-induced mixing on a TC system depends on the local thermal structure of the ocean. When the thermocline is weak and there is warm water at the wave-induced mixing penetration depth, the negative effect of the wave-induced mixing is weak. However, when there is cold subsurface water and a strong thermocline, wave-induced mixing has a significant impact, which exceeds the wave-driven positive feedback. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:57:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4709bd44d0a41b78980e30e92e93d57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:57:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4709bd44d0a41b78980e30e92e93d572023-11-17T13:39:17ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-03-01156159410.3390/rs15061594Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical CyclonesWenqing Zhang0Jialin Zhang1Qingxiang Liu2Jian Sun3Rui Li4Changlong Guan5Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, ChinaQingdao Municipal Marine Development and Promotion Center, 17 Shandong Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, ChinaCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, ChinaSurface waves perform a crucial role in modulating tropical cyclone (TC) systems and have proved to be key for numerical TC predictions. In this study, we investigate the effects of wave-induced mixing and wave-affected surface exchange coefficients using a coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave model for two real TC cases: Shanshan (2018) and Megi (2010). The results demonstrate that wave-affected surface exchange coefficients enhance air–sea heat fluxes and have a significantly positive effect on simulated TC intensity, size, and strengthening process. In contrast, the wave-induced mixing has a negative impact on TC intensity and size and is not conducive to TC intensification and maintenance. The net effect of these two factors is a balance between the wave-affected positive contribution and the negative contribution from wave-induced sea surface temperature cooling. We find that the effect of wave-induced mixing on a TC system depends on the local thermal structure of the ocean. When the thermocline is weak and there is warm water at the wave-induced mixing penetration depth, the negative effect of the wave-induced mixing is weak. However, when there is cold subsurface water and a strong thermocline, wave-induced mixing has a significant impact, which exceeds the wave-driven positive feedback.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1594tropical cyclonewave-induced mixingwave-affected surface exchange coefficients |
| spellingShingle | Wenqing Zhang Jialin Zhang Qingxiang Liu Jian Sun Rui Li Changlong Guan Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones Remote Sensing tropical cyclone wave-induced mixing wave-affected surface exchange coefficients |
| title | Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones |
| title_full | Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones |
| title_short | Effects of Surface Wave-Induced Mixing and Wave-Affected Exchange Coefficients on Tropical Cyclones |
| title_sort | effects of surface wave induced mixing and wave affected exchange coefficients on tropical cyclones |
| topic | tropical cyclone wave-induced mixing wave-affected surface exchange coefficients |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1594 |
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