Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity
<i>Isatis indigotica</i> leaf is an oriental herbal medicine that has been known for various pharmacological effects. However, its anti-wrinkle activity has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-wrinkle effect of <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> le...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/9/1339 |
| _version_ | 1797520496615489536 |
|---|---|
| author | Jin Hyeok Kim Dan Gao Won Seok Jeong Cheong Taek Kim Chong Woon Cho Hyung Min Kim Jong Seong Kang |
| author_facet | Jin Hyeok Kim Dan Gao Won Seok Jeong Cheong Taek Kim Chong Woon Cho Hyung Min Kim Jong Seong Kang |
| author_sort | Jin Hyeok Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Isatis indigotica</i> leaf is an oriental herbal medicine that has been known for various pharmacological effects. However, its anti-wrinkle activity has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-wrinkle effect of <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> leaf extract on human skin. The purified extract inhibited 85.4% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl and 72.2% of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Nitrite production was reduced by 30% after treatment with 50 μg/mL of extract. Three fractions from the extract downregulated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 and upregulated the expression of interleukin 4. Among the three fractions, fraction 2 exhibited the highest activity. The major component of the extract was identified as 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding mechanism of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic with matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3, and their binding energies were −5.20 and −4.89 kcal/mol, respectively. In a clinical trial, five roughness values of visiometer and visual score were significantly reduced in treated groups compared with the placebo group after 8 weeks. <i>I. indigotica</i> leaf extract inhibits wrinkle formation, and could be a potential anti-wrinkle agent. This is the first clinical trial demonstrating its anti-wrinkle activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:57:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e473279e26ac44dd96b2cf2fe3531f0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:57:37Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e473279e26ac44dd96b2cf2fe3531f0b2023-11-22T11:47:14ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-08-01109133910.3390/antiox10091339Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical ActivityJin Hyeok Kim0Dan Gao1Won Seok Jeong2Cheong Taek Kim3Chong Woon Cho4Hyung Min Kim5Jong Seong Kang6College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaRNS Inc., Daejeon 34014, KoreaRNS Inc., Daejeon 34014, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea<i>Isatis indigotica</i> leaf is an oriental herbal medicine that has been known for various pharmacological effects. However, its anti-wrinkle activity has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-wrinkle effect of <i>I</i>. <i>indigotica</i> leaf extract on human skin. The purified extract inhibited 85.4% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl and 72.2% of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Nitrite production was reduced by 30% after treatment with 50 μg/mL of extract. Three fractions from the extract downregulated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 and upregulated the expression of interleukin 4. Among the three fractions, fraction 2 exhibited the highest activity. The major component of the extract was identified as 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding mechanism of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic with matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3, and their binding energies were −5.20 and −4.89 kcal/mol, respectively. In a clinical trial, five roughness values of visiometer and visual score were significantly reduced in treated groups compared with the placebo group after 8 weeks. <i>I. indigotica</i> leaf extract inhibits wrinkle formation, and could be a potential anti-wrinkle agent. This is the first clinical trial demonstrating its anti-wrinkle activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/9/1339antioxidantanti-inflammatoryanti-wrinkle<i>Isatis indigotica</i> leafclinical study |
| spellingShingle | Jin Hyeok Kim Dan Gao Won Seok Jeong Cheong Taek Kim Chong Woon Cho Hyung Min Kim Jong Seong Kang Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity Antioxidants antioxidant anti-inflammatory anti-wrinkle <i>Isatis indigotica</i> leaf clinical study |
| title | Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity |
| title_full | Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity |
| title_short | Anti-Wrinkle Effect of <i>Isatis indigotica</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity |
| title_sort | anti wrinkle effect of i isatis indigotica i leaf extract evaluation of antioxidant anti inflammation and clinical activity |
| topic | antioxidant anti-inflammatory anti-wrinkle <i>Isatis indigotica</i> leaf clinical study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/9/1339 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinhyeokkim antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity AT dangao antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity AT wonseokjeong antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity AT cheongtaekkim antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity AT chongwooncho antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity AT hyungminkim antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity AT jongseongkang antiwrinkleeffectofiisatisindigoticaileafextractevaluationofantioxidantantiinflammationandclinicalactivity |