<i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways
<i>Polyopes affinis</i> is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether <i>P. affinis</i> extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell l...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1836 |
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| author | Yuna Ha Won-Hwi Lee Jang Kyun Kim Hee-Kyung Jeon Jongsung Lee Youn-Jung Kim |
| author_facet | Yuna Ha Won-Hwi Lee Jang Kyun Kim Hee-Kyung Jeon Jongsung Lee Youn-Jung Kim |
| author_sort | Yuna Ha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether <i>P. affinis</i> extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production by blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:11:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4736243fd944b89b4b1f335fa782aeb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:11:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4736243fd944b89b4b1f335fa782aeb2023-11-30T21:41:57ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01276183610.3390/molecules27061836<i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 PathwaysYuna Ha0Won-Hwi Lee1Jang Kyun Kim2Hee-Kyung Jeon3Jongsung Lee4Youn-Jung Kim5Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, KoreaResearch Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, KoreaResearch Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, KoreaAdvanced Energy Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, KoreaDepartment of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 16419, Gyunggi Do, KoreaResearch Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea<i>Polyopes affinis</i> is a red algal species commonly found on the South coast and near Jeju Island, Korea. This study aimed to determine whether <i>P. affinis</i> extracts can inhibit the pathogenesis of T-helper-2 (Th2)-mediated inflammation in a human keratinocyte cell line of atopic dermatitis (AD). Cells were incubated with 10 ng/mL of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at various concentrations of PAB (10, 30, and 60 µg/mL) and PAA (100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL) extracts. A gene-ontology (GO)-enrichment analysis revealed that PAB significantly enriched the genes associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion, immune response, inflammation, and chemokine-mediated pathways. PAB suppressed the expression of the secretory proteins and mRNAs that are associated with the thymus and the production of activation-regulated chemokines (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC/CCL22). The effect of the extract on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its inhibition of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production by blocking NF-κB and STAT1 activation. These results suggest that seaweed extract may improve AD by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines. In conclusion, we first confirmed the existence of phloroglucinol, a polyphenol formed from a precursor called phlorotannin, which is present in PAB, and this result proved the possibility of PAB being used as a treatment for AD.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1836<i>Polyopes affinis</i>atopic dermatitisTARC/CCL17MDC/CCL22MAPKsSTAT1 |
| spellingShingle | Yuna Ha Won-Hwi Lee Jang Kyun Kim Hee-Kyung Jeon Jongsung Lee Youn-Jung Kim <i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways Molecules <i>Polyopes affinis</i> atopic dermatitis TARC/CCL17 MDC/CCL22 MAPKs STAT1 |
| title | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways |
| title_full | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways |
| title_fullStr | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways |
| title_short | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> Suppressed IFN-γ- and TNF-α-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes via Down-Regulation of the NF-κB and STAT1 Pathways |
| title_sort | i polyopes affinis i suppressed ifn γ and tnf α induced inflammation in human keratinocytes via down regulation of the nf κb and stat1 pathways |
| topic | <i>Polyopes affinis</i> atopic dermatitis TARC/CCL17 MDC/CCL22 MAPKs STAT1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/1836 |
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