Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats
Filler injection demand is increasing worldwide, but no ideal filler with safety and longevity currently exists. Sodium alginate (SA) is the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a polymeric polysaccharide obtained by linear polymerization of two types of uronic acid, <span style="font-varia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/10/520 |
| _version_ | 1797550625847771136 |
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| author | Masanori Mori Rintaro Asahi Yoshihiro Yamamoto Takanobu Mashiko Kayo Yoshizumi Natsumi Saito Takako Shirado Yunyan Wu Kotaro Yoshimura |
| author_facet | Masanori Mori Rintaro Asahi Yoshihiro Yamamoto Takanobu Mashiko Kayo Yoshizumi Natsumi Saito Takako Shirado Yunyan Wu Kotaro Yoshimura |
| author_sort | Masanori Mori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Filler injection demand is increasing worldwide, but no ideal filler with safety and longevity currently exists. Sodium alginate (SA) is the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a polymeric polysaccharide obtained by linear polymerization of two types of uronic acid, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannuronic acid (M) and <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-guluronic acid (G). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic value of SA. Nine SA types with different M/G ratios and viscosities were tested and compared with a commercially available sodium hyaluronate (SH) filler. Three injection modes (onto the periosteum, intradermally, or subcutaneously) were used in six rats for each substance, and the animals were sacrificed at 4 or 24 weeks. Changes in the diameter and volume were measured macroscopically and by computed tomography, and histopathological evaluations were performed. SA with a low M/G ratio generally maintained skin uplift. The bulge gradually decreased over time but slightly increased at 4 weeks in some samples. No capsule formation was observed around SA. However, granulomatous reactions, including macrophage recruitment, were observed 4 weeks after SA implantation, although fewer macrophages and granulomatous reactions were observed at 24 weeks. The long-term volumizing effects and degree of granulomatous reactions differed depending on the M/G ratio and viscosity. By contrast, SH showed capsule formation but with minimal granulomatous reactions. The beneficial and adverse effects of SA as a filler differed according to the viscosity or M/G ratio, suggesting a better long-term volumizing effect than SH with relatively low immunogenicity |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:31:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4768dc1afbd43daa4234d41cc3a21df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:31:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4768dc1afbd43daa4234d41cc3a21df2023-11-20T17:36:17ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-10-01181052010.3390/md18100520Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in RatsMasanori Mori0Rintaro Asahi1Yoshihiro Yamamoto2Takanobu Mashiko3Kayo Yoshizumi4Natsumi Saito5Takako Shirado6Yunyan Wu7Kotaro Yoshimura8Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanDepartment of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, JapanFiller injection demand is increasing worldwide, but no ideal filler with safety and longevity currently exists. Sodium alginate (SA) is the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a polymeric polysaccharide obtained by linear polymerization of two types of uronic acid, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannuronic acid (M) and <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-guluronic acid (G). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic value of SA. Nine SA types with different M/G ratios and viscosities were tested and compared with a commercially available sodium hyaluronate (SH) filler. Three injection modes (onto the periosteum, intradermally, or subcutaneously) were used in six rats for each substance, and the animals were sacrificed at 4 or 24 weeks. Changes in the diameter and volume were measured macroscopically and by computed tomography, and histopathological evaluations were performed. SA with a low M/G ratio generally maintained skin uplift. The bulge gradually decreased over time but slightly increased at 4 weeks in some samples. No capsule formation was observed around SA. However, granulomatous reactions, including macrophage recruitment, were observed 4 weeks after SA implantation, although fewer macrophages and granulomatous reactions were observed at 24 weeks. The long-term volumizing effects and degree of granulomatous reactions differed depending on the M/G ratio and viscosity. By contrast, SH showed capsule formation but with minimal granulomatous reactions. The beneficial and adverse effects of SA as a filler differed according to the viscosity or M/G ratio, suggesting a better long-term volumizing effect than SH with relatively low immunogenicityhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/10/520fillersodium alginatealginic acidsodium hyaluronatehyaluronic acidgranuloma |
| spellingShingle | Masanori Mori Rintaro Asahi Yoshihiro Yamamoto Takanobu Mashiko Kayo Yoshizumi Natsumi Saito Takako Shirado Yunyan Wu Kotaro Yoshimura Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats Marine Drugs filler sodium alginate alginic acid sodium hyaluronate hyaluronic acid granuloma |
| title | Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats |
| title_full | Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats |
| title_short | Sodium Alginate as a Potential Therapeutic Filler: An In Vivo Study in Rats |
| title_sort | sodium alginate as a potential therapeutic filler an in vivo study in rats |
| topic | filler sodium alginate alginic acid sodium hyaluronate hyaluronic acid granuloma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/10/520 |
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