Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial
Background: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1186546/full |
| _version_ | 1797780933519081472 |
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| author | Hany Ezzat Obaya Heba Ahmed Abdeen Alae Ahmed Salem Mai Ali Shehata Monira I. Aldhahi Taulant Muka Taulant Muka Elena Marques-Sule Mona Mohamed Taha Marwa Gaber Hady Atef Hady Atef |
| author_facet | Hany Ezzat Obaya Heba Ahmed Abdeen Alae Ahmed Salem Mai Ali Shehata Monira I. Aldhahi Taulant Muka Taulant Muka Elena Marques-Sule Mona Mohamed Taha Marwa Gaber Hady Atef Hady Atef |
| author_sort | Hany Ezzat Obaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose and cortisol levels of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight middle-aged women with T2DM (mean age: 45.67 ± 2.92 years) were randomly assigned to either the aerobic training group (AT: n = 29; mean age [46.1 ± 2.7 years]) or the aerobic exercise combined with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation (AT + DMM: n = 29; mean age [45.24 ± 3.14 years]). Aerobic exercise was performed at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. The women in each group were asked to perform the training three times weekly over a 6-week period. The duration of each session was 40 min for the AT group and 60 min for the AT + DMM group. The two groups were asked to perform aerobic exercise at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and after the 6 weeks.Results: Compared with the AT group, the group undertaking 6 weeks of aerobic training combined with slow, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation showed significantly lower levels of FBG (p = 0.001) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) than the AT group.Conclusion: The addition of slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation to aerobic exercise can better control the glucose and cortisol levels of women with T2DM and thereby improve their outcomes and decrease their cardiometabolic risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:50:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e477c824658446a58d369012a81d4f40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:50:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-e477c824658446a58d369012a81d4f402023-07-13T16:45:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2023-07-011410.3389/fphys.2023.11865461186546Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trialHany Ezzat Obaya0Heba Ahmed Abdeen1Alae Ahmed Salem2Mai Ali Shehata3Monira I. Aldhahi4Taulant Muka5Taulant Muka6Elena Marques-Sule7Mona Mohamed Taha8Marwa Gaber9Hady Atef10Hady Atef11Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptOutpatients’ Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandEpistudia, Bern, SwitzerlandPhysiotherapy in Motion, Multispecialty Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMedical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptDepartment of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptSchool of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Staffordshire, United KingdomBackground: Aerobic exercise combined with breathing exercise can be an integral part of diabetes mellitus treatment. This single-center, randomized, parallel-group study investigated the effect of the combination of aerobic exercise with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on the glucose and cortisol levels of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight middle-aged women with T2DM (mean age: 45.67 ± 2.92 years) were randomly assigned to either the aerobic training group (AT: n = 29; mean age [46.1 ± 2.7 years]) or the aerobic exercise combined with slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation (AT + DMM: n = 29; mean age [45.24 ± 3.14 years]). Aerobic exercise was performed at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. The women in each group were asked to perform the training three times weekly over a 6-week period. The duration of each session was 40 min for the AT group and 60 min for the AT + DMM group. The two groups were asked to perform aerobic exercise at 60%–75% of the maximum heart rate. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and after the 6 weeks.Results: Compared with the AT group, the group undertaking 6 weeks of aerobic training combined with slow, deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation showed significantly lower levels of FBG (p = 0.001) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) than the AT group.Conclusion: The addition of slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation to aerobic exercise can better control the glucose and cortisol levels of women with T2DM and thereby improve their outcomes and decrease their cardiometabolic risk.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1186546/fullaerobic trainingbreathing exercisemindfulness meditationserum cortisol concentrationsglucose |
| spellingShingle | Hany Ezzat Obaya Heba Ahmed Abdeen Alae Ahmed Salem Mai Ali Shehata Monira I. Aldhahi Taulant Muka Taulant Muka Elena Marques-Sule Mona Mohamed Taha Marwa Gaber Hady Atef Hady Atef Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial Frontiers in Physiology aerobic training breathing exercise mindfulness meditation serum cortisol concentrations glucose |
| title | Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Effect of aerobic exercise, slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effect of aerobic exercise slow deep breathing and mindfulness meditation on cortisol and glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | aerobic training breathing exercise mindfulness meditation serum cortisol concentrations glucose |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1186546/full |
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