Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma
Water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma (GP) in contact with air stimulates various microorganisms, the growth of various plants and provides healthy breeding of various animals. In this paper, we present water treated with GP under oxygen-free nitrogen. It is potentially suitab...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1314 |
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| author | Jarosław Chwastowski Katarzyna Ciesielska Wojciech Ciesielski Karen Khachatryan Henryk Kołoczek Damian Kulawik Zdzisław Oszczęda Piotr Tomasik Mariusz Witczak |
| author_facet | Jarosław Chwastowski Katarzyna Ciesielska Wojciech Ciesielski Karen Khachatryan Henryk Kołoczek Damian Kulawik Zdzisław Oszczęda Piotr Tomasik Mariusz Witczak |
| author_sort | Jarosław Chwastowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma (GP) in contact with air stimulates various microorganisms, the growth of various plants and provides healthy breeding of various animals. In this paper, we present water treated with GP under oxygen-free nitrogen. It is potentially suitable for breeding anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the crops of plants utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. Deionized water saturated with oxygen-free nitrogen was treated for 5 to 90 min with low-temperature glow plasma (GP). That operation produced nitrogen in various exited states depending on the treatment time. These excited nitrogen molecules built aqueous clathrates around them. The number and structure of those clathrates depended on the time of the treatment with GP. In terms of mass, density, pH, conductivity, surface tension, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS), Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR), Raman and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra as well as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the macrostructure of water saturated with nitrogen treated with GP strongly depended on the treatment time. Based on the entropy criterion, the macrostructure formed on 30 and 5 min treatment was the most and least organized, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:00:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e478f725770941c2ab94a2acb20a535e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:00:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-e478f725770941c2ab94a2acb20a535e2023-11-19T23:39:48ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-05-01125131410.3390/w12051314Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow PlasmaJarosław Chwastowski0Katarzyna Ciesielska1Wojciech Ciesielski2Karen Khachatryan3Henryk Kołoczek4Damian Kulawik5Zdzisław Oszczęda6Piotr Tomasik7Mariusz Witczak8Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska Str. 24, 31 155 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej Ave. 13-15, 42 201 Częstochowa, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej Ave. 13-15, 42 201 Częstochowa, PolandFaculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30 149 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska Str. 24, 31 155 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University, Armii Krajowej Ave. 13-15, 42 201 Częstochowa, PolandNantes Nanotechnological Systems, Dolnych Młynów Str. 24, 59 700 Bolesławiec, PolandNantes Nanotechnological Systems, Dolnych Młynów Str. 24, 59 700 Bolesławiec, PolandFaculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30 149 Krakow, PolandWater treated with low-temperature, low-pressure glow plasma (GP) in contact with air stimulates various microorganisms, the growth of various plants and provides healthy breeding of various animals. In this paper, we present water treated with GP under oxygen-free nitrogen. It is potentially suitable for breeding anaerobic microorganisms, and increasing the crops of plants utilizing atmospheric nitrogen. Deionized water saturated with oxygen-free nitrogen was treated for 5 to 90 min with low-temperature glow plasma (GP). That operation produced nitrogen in various exited states depending on the treatment time. These excited nitrogen molecules built aqueous clathrates around them. The number and structure of those clathrates depended on the time of the treatment with GP. In terms of mass, density, pH, conductivity, surface tension, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS), Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR), Raman and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra as well as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the macrostructure of water saturated with nitrogen treated with GP strongly depended on the treatment time. Based on the entropy criterion, the macrostructure formed on 30 and 5 min treatment was the most and least organized, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1314clathrate hydratesFTIRglow plasmanitrogen excited stateswater stretching modes |
| spellingShingle | Jarosław Chwastowski Katarzyna Ciesielska Wojciech Ciesielski Karen Khachatryan Henryk Kołoczek Damian Kulawik Zdzisław Oszczęda Piotr Tomasik Mariusz Witczak Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma Water clathrate hydrates FTIR glow plasma nitrogen excited states water stretching modes |
| title | Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma |
| title_full | Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma |
| title_fullStr | Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma |
| title_short | Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Water Treated under Nitrogen with Low-Temperature Glow Plasma |
| title_sort | structure and physicochemical properties of water treated under nitrogen with low temperature glow plasma |
| topic | clathrate hydrates FTIR glow plasma nitrogen excited states water stretching modes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1314 |
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