New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer
Genetic alterations in CRC have shown a negative predictive and prognostic role in specific target therapies. The onset of immunotherapy has also undergone remarkable therapeutic innovation, although limited to a small subgroup of patients, the MSI-H/dMMR, which represents only 5% of CRC. Research i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/8/1137 |
| _version_ | 1797432059028832256 |
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| author | Angela Damato Martina Rotolo Francesco Caputo Eleonora Borghi Francesco Iachetta Carmine Pinto |
| author_facet | Angela Damato Martina Rotolo Francesco Caputo Eleonora Borghi Francesco Iachetta Carmine Pinto |
| author_sort | Angela Damato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genetic alterations in CRC have shown a negative predictive and prognostic role in specific target therapies. The onset of immunotherapy has also undergone remarkable therapeutic innovation, although limited to a small subgroup of patients, the MSI-H/dMMR, which represents only 5% of CRC. Research is moving forward to identify whether other biomarkers can predict response to ICIs, despite various limitations regarding expression and identification methods. For this purpose, TMB, LAG3, and PD-L1 expression have been retrospectively evaluated in several solid tumors establishing the rationale to design clinical trials with concurrent inhibition of LAG3 and PD-1 results in a significant advantage in PFS and OS in advanced melanoma patients. Based on these data, there are clinical trials ongoing in the CRC as well. This review aims to highlight what is already known about genetic mutations and genomic alterations in CRC, their inhibition with targeted therapies and immune checkpoints inhibitors, and new findings useful to future treatment strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:54:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e47eed39fa3f42588a292dbfbb22674b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:54:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-e47eed39fa3f42588a292dbfbb22674b2023-12-01T23:54:16ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-07-01128113710.3390/life12081137New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal CancerAngela Damato0Martina Rotolo1Francesco Caputo2Eleonora Borghi3Francesco Iachetta4Carmine Pinto5Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyMedical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyMedical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyMedical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyMedical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyMedical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyGenetic alterations in CRC have shown a negative predictive and prognostic role in specific target therapies. The onset of immunotherapy has also undergone remarkable therapeutic innovation, although limited to a small subgroup of patients, the MSI-H/dMMR, which represents only 5% of CRC. Research is moving forward to identify whether other biomarkers can predict response to ICIs, despite various limitations regarding expression and identification methods. For this purpose, TMB, LAG3, and PD-L1 expression have been retrospectively evaluated in several solid tumors establishing the rationale to design clinical trials with concurrent inhibition of LAG3 and PD-1 results in a significant advantage in PFS and OS in advanced melanoma patients. Based on these data, there are clinical trials ongoing in the CRC as well. This review aims to highlight what is already known about genetic mutations and genomic alterations in CRC, their inhibition with targeted therapies and immune checkpoints inhibitors, and new findings useful to future treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/8/1137genetic mutationsimmune-biomarkerscolorectal cancerimmune checkpoint inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Angela Damato Martina Rotolo Francesco Caputo Eleonora Borghi Francesco Iachetta Carmine Pinto New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer Life genetic mutations immune-biomarkers colorectal cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| title | New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full | New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_fullStr | New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_short | New Potential Immune Biomarkers in the Era of Precision Medicine: Lights and Shadows in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_sort | new potential immune biomarkers in the era of precision medicine lights and shadows in colorectal cancer |
| topic | genetic mutations immune-biomarkers colorectal cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/8/1137 |
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