Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems
Over the last 25 years, the human endocannabinoid system (ECS) has come into the limelight as an imperative neuro-modulatory system. It is mainly comprised of endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid), cannabinoid receptors and the associated enzymes accountable for its synthesis and deterioration. T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5734 |
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| author | Tapan Behl Rashita Makkar Aayush Sehgal Sukhbir Singh Hafiz A. Makeen Mohammed Albratty Hassan A. Alhazmi Abdulkarim M. Meraya Simona Bungau |
| author_facet | Tapan Behl Rashita Makkar Aayush Sehgal Sukhbir Singh Hafiz A. Makeen Mohammed Albratty Hassan A. Alhazmi Abdulkarim M. Meraya Simona Bungau |
| author_sort | Tapan Behl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the last 25 years, the human endocannabinoid system (ECS) has come into the limelight as an imperative neuro-modulatory system. It is mainly comprised of endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid), cannabinoid receptors and the associated enzymes accountable for its synthesis and deterioration. The ECS plays a proven role in the management of several neurological, cardiovascular, immunological, and other relevant chronic conditions. Endocannabinoid or endogenous cannabinoid are endogenous lipid molecules which connect with cannabinoid receptors and impose a fashionable impact on the behavior and physiological processes of the individual. Arachidonoyl ethanolamide or Anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol or 2-AG were the endocannabinoid molecules that were first characterized and discovered. The presence of lipid membranes in the precursor molecules is the characteristic feature of endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoids are released upon rapid enzymatic reactions into the extracellular space via activation through G-protein coupled receptors, which is contradictory to other neurotransmitter that are synthesized beforehand, and stock up into the synaptic vesicles. The current review highlights the functioning, synthesis, and degradation of endocannabinoid, and explains its functioning in biological systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:42:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e48192c53ad842cc9e3174fed5aeafe1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:42:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e48192c53ad842cc9e3174fed5aeafe12023-11-23T11:27:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-012310573410.3390/ijms23105734Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological SystemsTapan Behl0Rashita Makkar1Aayush Sehgal2Sukhbir Singh3Hafiz A. Makeen4Mohammed Albratty5Hassan A. Alhazmi6Abdulkarim M. Meraya7Simona Bungau8Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, IndiaChitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, IndiaChitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, IndiaChitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, IndiaPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department of College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutcal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department of College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, RomaniaOver the last 25 years, the human endocannabinoid system (ECS) has come into the limelight as an imperative neuro-modulatory system. It is mainly comprised of endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid), cannabinoid receptors and the associated enzymes accountable for its synthesis and deterioration. The ECS plays a proven role in the management of several neurological, cardiovascular, immunological, and other relevant chronic conditions. Endocannabinoid or endogenous cannabinoid are endogenous lipid molecules which connect with cannabinoid receptors and impose a fashionable impact on the behavior and physiological processes of the individual. Arachidonoyl ethanolamide or Anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol or 2-AG were the endocannabinoid molecules that were first characterized and discovered. The presence of lipid membranes in the precursor molecules is the characteristic feature of endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoids are released upon rapid enzymatic reactions into the extracellular space via activation through G-protein coupled receptors, which is contradictory to other neurotransmitter that are synthesized beforehand, and stock up into the synaptic vesicles. The current review highlights the functioning, synthesis, and degradation of endocannabinoid, and explains its functioning in biological systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5734endocannabinoidreceptorneurotransmittergastrointestinalimmunologicalcardiovascular |
| spellingShingle | Tapan Behl Rashita Makkar Aayush Sehgal Sukhbir Singh Hafiz A. Makeen Mohammed Albratty Hassan A. Alhazmi Abdulkarim M. Meraya Simona Bungau Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems International Journal of Molecular Sciences endocannabinoid receptor neurotransmitter gastrointestinal immunological cardiovascular |
| title | Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems |
| title_full | Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems |
| title_fullStr | Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems |
| title_short | Exploration of Multiverse Activities of Endocannabinoids in Biological Systems |
| title_sort | exploration of multiverse activities of endocannabinoids in biological systems |
| topic | endocannabinoid receptor neurotransmitter gastrointestinal immunological cardiovascular |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5734 |
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