Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review
Large-scale energy storage with high performance and at a reasonable cost are prerequisites for promoting clean energy utilization. With a high theoretical energy density of 1722 Wh·kg<sup>−2</sup>, high element abundance (e.g., Mg of 23,000 ppm, S of 950 ppm on earth), and low theoretic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/4/203 |
| _version_ | 1827745935572074496 |
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| author | Ying Ying Yao Yang Zhan Xin Yu Sun Zhao Li Hao Xu Richard M. Laine Jian Xin Zou |
| author_facet | Ying Ying Yao Yang Zhan Xin Yu Sun Zhao Li Hao Xu Richard M. Laine Jian Xin Zou |
| author_sort | Ying Ying Yao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Large-scale energy storage with high performance and at a reasonable cost are prerequisites for promoting clean energy utilization. With a high theoretical energy density of 1722 Wh·kg<sup>−2</sup>, high element abundance (e.g., Mg of 23,000 ppm, S of 950 ppm on earth), and low theoretical cost, Mg-S batteries offer considerable potential as candidates for electrical energy storage. However, due to the intrinsic complex reaction chemistry of sulfur cathodes and metal anodes, such as slow diffusion of the divalent ion, the shuttle of soluble polysulfide, and irreversible deposition of Mg ions on metal electrodes, Mg-S batteries still need further optimization to meet requirements for practical applications. In addition to stabilizing metal anodes, developing a suitable sulfur cathode is desperately needed. This review summarizes recent research progress in sulfur cathodes, interlayers, and non-nucleophilic electrolytes, highlighting the main challenges and corresponding strategies for electrode material designs. Notably, we emphasize a fundamental understanding of the structure-composition relationship. Furthermore, state-of-the-art characterization techniques are described that help reveal the pertinent electrochemical mechanisms whereby Mg-S cells function. Finally, possible research directions are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e48f01cb347448a38c1da1b829e6c444 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:14:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-e48f01cb347448a38c1da1b829e6c4442023-11-17T18:20:05ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-03-019420310.3390/batteries9040203Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical ReviewYing Ying Yao0Yang Zhan1Xin Yu Sun2Zhao Li3Hao Xu4Richard M. Laine5Jian Xin Zou6National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USANational Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaLarge-scale energy storage with high performance and at a reasonable cost are prerequisites for promoting clean energy utilization. With a high theoretical energy density of 1722 Wh·kg<sup>−2</sup>, high element abundance (e.g., Mg of 23,000 ppm, S of 950 ppm on earth), and low theoretical cost, Mg-S batteries offer considerable potential as candidates for electrical energy storage. However, due to the intrinsic complex reaction chemistry of sulfur cathodes and metal anodes, such as slow diffusion of the divalent ion, the shuttle of soluble polysulfide, and irreversible deposition of Mg ions on metal electrodes, Mg-S batteries still need further optimization to meet requirements for practical applications. In addition to stabilizing metal anodes, developing a suitable sulfur cathode is desperately needed. This review summarizes recent research progress in sulfur cathodes, interlayers, and non-nucleophilic electrolytes, highlighting the main challenges and corresponding strategies for electrode material designs. Notably, we emphasize a fundamental understanding of the structure-composition relationship. Furthermore, state-of-the-art characterization techniques are described that help reveal the pertinent electrochemical mechanisms whereby Mg-S cells function. Finally, possible research directions are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/4/203magnesium sulfur batteriessulfur-based cathodesMg polysulfidesinterlayer modificationfunctional separator |
| spellingShingle | Ying Ying Yao Yang Zhan Xin Yu Sun Zhao Li Hao Xu Richard M. Laine Jian Xin Zou Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review Batteries magnesium sulfur batteries sulfur-based cathodes Mg polysulfides interlayer modification functional separator |
| title | Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review |
| title_full | Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review |
| title_short | Advances in Cathodes for High-Performance Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries: A Critical Review |
| title_sort | advances in cathodes for high performance magnesium sulfur batteries a critical review |
| topic | magnesium sulfur batteries sulfur-based cathodes Mg polysulfides interlayer modification functional separator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/4/203 |
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