Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria
Background: Reservoirs serve as fishing and domestic water resources for the people living around the catchment area. However, natural activities threaten the water quality, therefore, constant and proper monitoring of the reservoir is necessary. This study aimed to examine seasonal variation in w...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Kerman University of Medical Sciences
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health Engineering and Management |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ehemj.com/article-1-954-en.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811344399723921408 |
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| author | Chukwuemeka Eneogwe Ismaila Mohammed Sanni Alfa Umar Abubakar Idoko Apeh Abraham |
| author_facet | Chukwuemeka Eneogwe Ismaila Mohammed Sanni Alfa Umar Abubakar Idoko Apeh Abraham |
| author_sort | Chukwuemeka Eneogwe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Reservoirs serve as fishing and domestic water resources for the people living around the
catchment area. However, natural activities threaten the water quality, therefore, constant and proper
monitoring of the reservoir is necessary. This study aimed to examine seasonal variation in water quality
parameters of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria.
Methods: Water quality data of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria, for 7 years (January 2014 to December
2020) were collected and analyzed to understand the seasonal variation. Ten water quality parameters
including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved
oxygen (DO), chloride (Cl-), total Iron, nitrate (NO3-), and manganese (Mn) were analyzed. The data
were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to select the probability distribution which provides the
best fit by EasyFit software. The functions included Weibull, Exponential, Fréchet, Gamma, Lognormal,
and Normal. Seasonal variation was determined using Spearman’s rank-order correlation.
Results: The results showed that pH, EC, temperature, TDS and NO3- approach the Weibull distribution.
Turbidity and total Iron approach the Fréchet distribution. Mn approaches the normal distribution, while
DO and Cl- approach the Gamma distribution. The output of non-parametric Spearman’s correlation
coefficient and Spearman’s statistical criterion indicates a significant difference at 5% significance level
between the pH and total Iron values recorded in both seasons. This suggests that season has an effect
on the concentration of pH and total Iron.
Conclusion: Out of the 10 parameters examined, pH and total Iron are climatologically influenced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:46:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e49f4f597e7b4323828a357c2d3abe9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-3765 2423-4311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:46:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health Engineering and Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-e49f4f597e7b4323828a357c2d3abe9b2022-12-22T02:32:43ZengKerman University of Medical SciencesEnvironmental Health Engineering and Management2423-37652423-43112022-06-019212513410.34172/EHEM.2022.14Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, NigeriaChukwuemeka Eneogwe0Ismaila Mohammed Sanni1Alfa Umar Abubakar2Idoko Apeh Abraham3Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaBackground: Reservoirs serve as fishing and domestic water resources for the people living around the catchment area. However, natural activities threaten the water quality, therefore, constant and proper monitoring of the reservoir is necessary. This study aimed to examine seasonal variation in water quality parameters of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria. Methods: Water quality data of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria, for 7 years (January 2014 to December 2020) were collected and analyzed to understand the seasonal variation. Ten water quality parameters including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride (Cl-), total Iron, nitrate (NO3-), and manganese (Mn) were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to select the probability distribution which provides the best fit by EasyFit software. The functions included Weibull, Exponential, Fréchet, Gamma, Lognormal, and Normal. Seasonal variation was determined using Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Results: The results showed that pH, EC, temperature, TDS and NO3- approach the Weibull distribution. Turbidity and total Iron approach the Fréchet distribution. Mn approaches the normal distribution, while DO and Cl- approach the Gamma distribution. The output of non-parametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s statistical criterion indicates a significant difference at 5% significance level between the pH and total Iron values recorded in both seasons. This suggests that season has an effect on the concentration of pH and total Iron. Conclusion: Out of the 10 parameters examined, pH and total Iron are climatologically influenced.http://ehemj.com/article-1-954-en.pdfseasonswater qualityironnormal distributionnigeria |
| spellingShingle | Chukwuemeka Eneogwe Ismaila Mohammed Sanni Alfa Umar Abubakar Idoko Apeh Abraham Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria Environmental Health Engineering and Management seasons water quality iron normal distribution nigeria |
| title | Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria |
| title_full | Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria |
| title_short | Seasonal variation of reservoir water quality: A case study of Kubanni reservoir, Zaria, Nigeria |
| title_sort | seasonal variation of reservoir water quality a case study of kubanni reservoir zaria nigeria |
| topic | seasons water quality iron normal distribution nigeria |
| url | http://ehemj.com/article-1-954-en.pdf |
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