JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq
We present a JWST mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2022xkq, obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) ∼130 days post-explosion. We identify the first MIR lines beyond 14 μ m in SN Ia observations. We find features...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7b |
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| author | J. M. DerKacy C. Ashall P. Hoeflich E. Baron M. Shahbandeh B. J. Shappee J. Andrews D. Baade E. F Balangan K. A. Bostroem P. J. Brown C. R. Burns A. Burrow A. Cikota T. de Jaeger A. Do Y. Dong I. Dominguez O. Fox L. Galbany E. T. Hoang E. Y. Hsiao D. Janzen J. E. Jencson K. Krisciunas S. Kumar J. Lu M. Lundquist T. B. Mera Evans J. R. Maund P. Mazzali K. Medler N. E. Meza Retamal N. Morrell F. Patat J. Pearson M. M. Phillips M. Shrestha S. Stangl C. P. Stevens M. D. Stritzinger N. B. Suntzeff C. M. Telesco M. A. Tucker S. Valenti L. Wang Y. Yang |
| author_facet | J. M. DerKacy C. Ashall P. Hoeflich E. Baron M. Shahbandeh B. J. Shappee J. Andrews D. Baade E. F Balangan K. A. Bostroem P. J. Brown C. R. Burns A. Burrow A. Cikota T. de Jaeger A. Do Y. Dong I. Dominguez O. Fox L. Galbany E. T. Hoang E. Y. Hsiao D. Janzen J. E. Jencson K. Krisciunas S. Kumar J. Lu M. Lundquist T. B. Mera Evans J. R. Maund P. Mazzali K. Medler N. E. Meza Retamal N. Morrell F. Patat J. Pearson M. M. Phillips M. Shrestha S. Stangl C. P. Stevens M. D. Stritzinger N. B. Suntzeff C. M. Telesco M. A. Tucker S. Valenti L. Wang Y. Yang |
| author_sort | J. M. DerKacy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a JWST mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2022xkq, obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) ∼130 days post-explosion. We identify the first MIR lines beyond 14 μ m in SN Ia observations. We find features unique to underluminous SNe Ia, including the following: isolated emission of stable Ni, strong blends of [Ti ii ], and large ratios of singly ionized to doubly ionized species in both [Ar] and [Co]. Comparisons to normal-luminosity SNe Ia spectra at similar phases show a tentative trend between the width of the [Co iii ] 11.888 μ m feature and the SN light-curve shape. Using non-LTE-multi-dimensional radiation hydro simulations and the observed electron capture elements, we constrain the mass of the exploding WD. The best-fitting model shows that SN 2022xkq is consistent with an off-center delayed-detonation explosion of a near-Chandrasekhar mass WD ( ${M}_{{\rm{WD}}}$ ≈1.37 M _⊙ ) of high central density ( ρ _c ≥ 2.0 × 10 ^9 g cm ^−3 ) seen equator-on, which produced M ( ^56 Ni) =0.324 M _⊙ and M ( ^58 Ni) ≥0.06 M _⊙ . The observed line widths are consistent with the overall abundance distribution; and the narrow stable Ni lines indicate little to no mixing in the central regions, favoring central ignition of subsonic carbon burning followed by an off-center deflagration-to-detonation transition beginning at a single point. Additional observations may further constrain the physics revealing the presence of additional species including Cr and Mn. Our work demonstrates the power of using the full coverage of MIRI in combination with detailed modeling to elucidate the physics of SNe Ia at a level not previously possible. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:36:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4ab8ef8696b4fb592d621f142ddc5f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:36:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4ab8ef8696b4fb592d621f142ddc5f22024-01-30T09:27:04ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01961218710.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7bJWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkqJ. M. DerKacy0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-6080C. Ashall1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5221-7557P. Hoeflich2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-6586E. Baron3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-1608M. Shahbandeh4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-5302B. J. Shappee5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-1149J. Andrews6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-0062D. Baade7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-9679E. F Balangan8K. A. Bostroem9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-444XP. J. Brown10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-5507C. R. Burns11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-6629A. Burrow12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-0816A. Cikota13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-9831T. de Jaeger14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-1139A. Do15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-7845Y. Dong16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-6371I. Dominguez17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-4731O. Fox18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-1572L. Galbany19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-6887E. T. Hoang20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-4755E. Y. Hsiao21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-2928D. Janzen22https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-3281J. E. Jencson23https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-4007K. Krisciunas24https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-694XS. Kumar25https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8367-7591J. Lu26https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3900-1452M. Lundquist27https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-3793T. B. Mera Evans28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-2542J. R. Maund29https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-7215P. Mazzali30https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-8284K. Medler31https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-105XN. E. Meza Retamal32https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3446N. Morrell33https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2535-3091F. Patat34https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-3573J. Pearson35https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0047M. M. Phillips36https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-0796M. Shrestha37https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-1874S. Stangl38https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-6666C. P. Stevens39https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-6004M. D. Stritzinger40https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5571-1833N. B. Suntzeff41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8102-181XC. M. Telesco42https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-9292M. A. Tucker43https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2471-8442S. Valenti44https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-0795L. Wang45https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-9374Y. Yang46https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6535-8500Department of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; jmderkacy@vt.eduDepartment of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; jmderkacy@vt.eduDepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USAPlanetary Science Institute , 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA; Hamburger Sternwarte , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, GermanySpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Hawai’i, HI 96822, USAGemini Observatory/NSFs NOIRLab , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USAEuropean Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching b. München, GermanyDepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843, USAObservatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USAHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USAGemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Hawai’i, HI 96822, USAInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Manoa , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Hawai’i, HI 96822, USADepartment of Physics, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USAUniversidad de Granada , E-18071, Granada, SpainSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218-2410, USAInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institut dEstudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan , 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USAW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Māmalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743-8431, USADepartment of Physics, Florida State University , 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UKAstrophysics Research Institute , Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics , Garching, GermanyAstrophysics Research Institute , Liverpool John Moores University, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USALas Campanas Observatory , Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, ChileEuropean Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching b. München, GermanySteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USALas Campanas Observatory , Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, ChileSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks, Rm 100, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USADepartment of Physics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; jmderkacy@vt.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611 USACenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University , 191 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Physics, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAWe present a JWST mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2022xkq, obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) ∼130 days post-explosion. We identify the first MIR lines beyond 14 μ m in SN Ia observations. We find features unique to underluminous SNe Ia, including the following: isolated emission of stable Ni, strong blends of [Ti ii ], and large ratios of singly ionized to doubly ionized species in both [Ar] and [Co]. Comparisons to normal-luminosity SNe Ia spectra at similar phases show a tentative trend between the width of the [Co iii ] 11.888 μ m feature and the SN light-curve shape. Using non-LTE-multi-dimensional radiation hydro simulations and the observed electron capture elements, we constrain the mass of the exploding WD. The best-fitting model shows that SN 2022xkq is consistent with an off-center delayed-detonation explosion of a near-Chandrasekhar mass WD ( ${M}_{{\rm{WD}}}$ ≈1.37 M _⊙ ) of high central density ( ρ _c ≥ 2.0 × 10 ^9 g cm ^−3 ) seen equator-on, which produced M ( ^56 Ni) =0.324 M _⊙ and M ( ^58 Ni) ≥0.06 M _⊙ . The observed line widths are consistent with the overall abundance distribution; and the narrow stable Ni lines indicate little to no mixing in the central regions, favoring central ignition of subsonic carbon burning followed by an off-center deflagration-to-detonation transition beginning at a single point. Additional observations may further constrain the physics revealing the presence of additional species including Cr and Mn. Our work demonstrates the power of using the full coverage of MIRI in combination with detailed modeling to elucidate the physics of SNe Ia at a level not previously possible.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7bSupernovaeType Ia supernovaeJames Webb Space Telescope |
| spellingShingle | J. M. DerKacy C. Ashall P. Hoeflich E. Baron M. Shahbandeh B. J. Shappee J. Andrews D. Baade E. F Balangan K. A. Bostroem P. J. Brown C. R. Burns A. Burrow A. Cikota T. de Jaeger A. Do Y. Dong I. Dominguez O. Fox L. Galbany E. T. Hoang E. Y. Hsiao D. Janzen J. E. Jencson K. Krisciunas S. Kumar J. Lu M. Lundquist T. B. Mera Evans J. R. Maund P. Mazzali K. Medler N. E. Meza Retamal N. Morrell F. Patat J. Pearson M. M. Phillips M. Shrestha S. Stangl C. P. Stevens M. D. Stritzinger N. B. Suntzeff C. M. Telesco M. A. Tucker S. Valenti L. Wang Y. Yang JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq The Astrophysical Journal Supernovae Type Ia supernovae James Webb Space Telescope |
| title | JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq |
| title_full | JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq |
| title_fullStr | JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq |
| title_full_unstemmed | JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq |
| title_short | JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq |
| title_sort | jwst miri medium resolution spectrograph mrs observations and spectral models of the underluminous type ia supernova 2022xkq |
| topic | Supernovae Type Ia supernovae James Webb Space Telescope |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0b7b |
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