Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential
Previously, severe green mould infections could be attributed mainly to <i>Trichoderma aggressivum</i> Samuels & W. Gams, as well as <i>T. pleuroti</i> S.H. Yu & M.S. Park and <i>T. pleuroticola</i> S.H. Yu & M.S. Park in the case of <i>Agaricus...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| author | Henrietta Allaga Anuar Zhumakayev Rita Büchner Sándor Kocsubé Attila Szűcs Csaba Vágvölgyi László Kredics Lóránt Hatvani |
| author_facet | Henrietta Allaga Anuar Zhumakayev Rita Büchner Sándor Kocsubé Attila Szűcs Csaba Vágvölgyi László Kredics Lóránt Hatvani |
| author_sort | Henrietta Allaga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previously, severe green mould infections could be attributed mainly to <i>Trichoderma aggressivum</i> Samuels & W. Gams, as well as <i>T. pleuroti</i> S.H. Yu & M.S. Park and <i>T. pleuroticola</i> S.H. Yu & M.S. Park in the case of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (J.E. Lange) Imbach (button mushroom) and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (oyster mushroom), respectively. The purpose of our study was the examination of green mould agents deriving from the growing facilities of button mushroom, oyster mushroom and shiitake (<i>Lentinula edodes</i> (Berk.) Pegler) located in various countries of Europe, and initially classified into the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai species complex (THSC). Species identification was carried out using the multilocus sequence typing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as translation elongation factor 1-alpha, calmodulin and RNA polymerase B subunit II gene sequences. In vitro confrontation assays were applied to test the aggressiveness of the isolates towards mushrooms, while the effect of commercial fungicides on the growth of the strains was examined by the macrodilution method. Six <i>Trichoderma</i> species, namely <i>T. afroharzianum</i> P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Degenkolb & Druzhin., <i>T. atrobrunneum</i> F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Jaklitsch, <i>T. guizhouense</i> Q.R. Li, McKenzie & Yong Wang, <i>T. harzianum sensu stricto</i>, <i>T. pollinicola</i> F. Liu & L. Cai and <i>T. simmonsii</i> P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Samuels, Degenkolb & Jaklitsch were detected in the different samples, with <i>T. harzianum, T. pollinicola</i> and <i>T. simmonsii</i> being the most aggressive. Prochloraz was found to have strong in vitro inhibitory effect on mycelial growth on most strains, however, <i>T. simmonsii</i> isolates showed remarkable tolerance to it. Our data suggest that <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>T. simmonsii</i> may also be considered as potential causal agents of mushroom green mould. |
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| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e4b1c9f220a24ea4a230e8c9e86109b12023-11-23T03:21:53ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-11-011112243410.3390/agronomy11122434Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic PotentialHenrietta Allaga0Anuar Zhumakayev1Rita Büchner2Sándor Kocsubé3Attila Szűcs4Csaba Vágvölgyi5László Kredics6Lóránt Hatvani7Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, HungaryPreviously, severe green mould infections could be attributed mainly to <i>Trichoderma aggressivum</i> Samuels & W. Gams, as well as <i>T. pleuroti</i> S.H. Yu & M.S. Park and <i>T. pleuroticola</i> S.H. Yu & M.S. Park in the case of <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (J.E. Lange) Imbach (button mushroom) and <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (oyster mushroom), respectively. The purpose of our study was the examination of green mould agents deriving from the growing facilities of button mushroom, oyster mushroom and shiitake (<i>Lentinula edodes</i> (Berk.) Pegler) located in various countries of Europe, and initially classified into the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Rifai species complex (THSC). Species identification was carried out using the multilocus sequence typing analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as translation elongation factor 1-alpha, calmodulin and RNA polymerase B subunit II gene sequences. In vitro confrontation assays were applied to test the aggressiveness of the isolates towards mushrooms, while the effect of commercial fungicides on the growth of the strains was examined by the macrodilution method. Six <i>Trichoderma</i> species, namely <i>T. afroharzianum</i> P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Degenkolb & Druzhin., <i>T. atrobrunneum</i> F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Jaklitsch, <i>T. guizhouense</i> Q.R. Li, McKenzie & Yong Wang, <i>T. harzianum sensu stricto</i>, <i>T. pollinicola</i> F. Liu & L. Cai and <i>T. simmonsii</i> P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Samuels, Degenkolb & Jaklitsch were detected in the different samples, with <i>T. harzianum, T. pollinicola</i> and <i>T. simmonsii</i> being the most aggressive. Prochloraz was found to have strong in vitro inhibitory effect on mycelial growth on most strains, however, <i>T. simmonsii</i> isolates showed remarkable tolerance to it. Our data suggest that <i>T. harzianum</i> and <i>T. simmonsii</i> may also be considered as potential causal agents of mushroom green mould.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2434cultivated mushrooms<i>Agaricus bisporus</i><i>Lentinula edodes</i><i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i>green mould<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> species complex |
| spellingShingle | Henrietta Allaga Anuar Zhumakayev Rita Büchner Sándor Kocsubé Attila Szűcs Csaba Vágvölgyi László Kredics Lóránt Hatvani Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential Agronomy cultivated mushrooms <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> <i>Lentinula edodes</i> <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> green mould <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> species complex |
| title | Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential |
| title_full | Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential |
| title_fullStr | Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential |
| title_short | Members of the <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Species Complex with Mushroom Pathogenic Potential |
| title_sort | members of the i trichoderma harzianum i species complex with mushroom pathogenic potential |
| topic | cultivated mushrooms <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> <i>Lentinula edodes</i> <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> green mould <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> species complex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2434 |
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