Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study
The aim of the study was a laboratory evaluation of the antifungal effect of leaf extracts from yarrow (<i>Achillea millefolium</i> L.), tansy (<i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> L.), sage (<i>Salvia officinalis</i> L.) and wormwood (<i>Artemisia absinthium</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3204 |
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| author | Weronika Kursa Agnieszka Jamiołkowska Jakub Wyrostek Radosław Kowalski |
| author_facet | Weronika Kursa Agnieszka Jamiołkowska Jakub Wyrostek Radosław Kowalski |
| author_sort | Weronika Kursa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the study was a laboratory evaluation of the antifungal effect of leaf extracts from yarrow (<i>Achillea millefolium</i> L.), tansy (<i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> L.), sage (<i>Salvia officinalis</i> L.) and wormwood (<i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.) on fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i>, major cereal pathogens. The study used 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations of plant extracts, evaluating their effect on the linear growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>, <i>F. culmorum</i>, <i>F. graminearum</i>, <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> and the percentage of their growth inhibition compared to control. The study also included the assessment of the content of selected biologically active compounds in plant extracts and their impact on the development of the aforementioned pathogenic fungi. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the extracts was assessed by spectrophotometry, and antioxidant activity was determined using the synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Plant extracts from sage were characterized by the highest polyphenol contents (81.95 mg/mL) and flavonoids (21.12 mg/mL) compared to other plant extracts, and also showed the highest antioxidant activity (102.44 mM Trolox). Wormwood extract contained the lowest amount of phenolic compounds (flavonoids—5.30 mg/mL, polyphenols—43.83 mg/mL). Plant extracts inhibited the mycelia growth of fungal pathogen depending upon the fungus species, type of extract and its concentration. The extracts of sage (S) and tansy (T) plants at a concentration of 20% demonstrated strong inhibitory effect against the tested fungi (the highest inhibition coefficient for S20: 83.53%; T20: 72.58%), while 10% and 5% extracts of these plants were less effective in inhibiting the growth of <i>Fusarium</i> (highest inhibition coefficient for S10: 71.33%; S5: 54.14%; T10: 56.67%; T5: 38.64%). Yarrow (Y) and wormwood (W) extracts showed low fungistatic effect. Their 20% concentration inhibited the development of mycelia growth of fungi at the level of 63.82% (W20) and 67.57% (Y20). The 5% and 10% concentrations of these plant extracts had the weakest effect on the tested fungi (Y5: 34.09; W5: 42.06%; Y10: 45.01%; W10: 57.44%), even stimulating the <i>Fusarium</i> growth compared to the control (Y5: −23.7%). Based on the study, it was found that each species of fungus reacted differently to the addition of the extract to the culture medium and its concentration, however <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. culmorum</i> were the most sensitive fungi, while the least sensitive was <i>F. graminearum</i>. The results of the research are the preliminary phase for further field tests to determine the fungistatic effect of plant extracts in field conditions, their phytotoxicity and biological stability, as well as the possibility of producing a biopreparation to protect plants against fusariosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:25:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4b7950fa4cb4919b303cae788f920ee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:25:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4b7950fa4cb4919b303cae788f920ee2023-11-24T12:48:13ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-12-011212320410.3390/agronomy12123204Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro StudyWeronika Kursa0Agnieszka Jamiołkowska1Jakub Wyrostek2Radosław Kowalski3Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, PolandThe aim of the study was a laboratory evaluation of the antifungal effect of leaf extracts from yarrow (<i>Achillea millefolium</i> L.), tansy (<i>Tanacetum vulgare</i> L.), sage (<i>Salvia officinalis</i> L.) and wormwood (<i>Artemisia absinthium</i> L.) on fungi of the genus <i>Fusarium</i>, major cereal pathogens. The study used 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations of plant extracts, evaluating their effect on the linear growth of <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>, <i>F. culmorum</i>, <i>F. graminearum</i>, <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> and the percentage of their growth inhibition compared to control. The study also included the assessment of the content of selected biologically active compounds in plant extracts and their impact on the development of the aforementioned pathogenic fungi. The total content of polyphenols and flavonoids in the extracts was assessed by spectrophotometry, and antioxidant activity was determined using the synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Plant extracts from sage were characterized by the highest polyphenol contents (81.95 mg/mL) and flavonoids (21.12 mg/mL) compared to other plant extracts, and also showed the highest antioxidant activity (102.44 mM Trolox). Wormwood extract contained the lowest amount of phenolic compounds (flavonoids—5.30 mg/mL, polyphenols—43.83 mg/mL). Plant extracts inhibited the mycelia growth of fungal pathogen depending upon the fungus species, type of extract and its concentration. The extracts of sage (S) and tansy (T) plants at a concentration of 20% demonstrated strong inhibitory effect against the tested fungi (the highest inhibition coefficient for S20: 83.53%; T20: 72.58%), while 10% and 5% extracts of these plants were less effective in inhibiting the growth of <i>Fusarium</i> (highest inhibition coefficient for S10: 71.33%; S5: 54.14%; T10: 56.67%; T5: 38.64%). Yarrow (Y) and wormwood (W) extracts showed low fungistatic effect. Their 20% concentration inhibited the development of mycelia growth of fungi at the level of 63.82% (W20) and 67.57% (Y20). The 5% and 10% concentrations of these plant extracts had the weakest effect on the tested fungi (Y5: 34.09; W5: 42.06%; Y10: 45.01%; W10: 57.44%), even stimulating the <i>Fusarium</i> growth compared to the control (Y5: −23.7%). Based on the study, it was found that each species of fungus reacted differently to the addition of the extract to the culture medium and its concentration, however <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. culmorum</i> were the most sensitive fungi, while the least sensitive was <i>F. graminearum</i>. The results of the research are the preliminary phase for further field tests to determine the fungistatic effect of plant extracts in field conditions, their phytotoxicity and biological stability, as well as the possibility of producing a biopreparation to protect plants against fusariosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3204plant extracts<i>Fusarium</i>antifungal activity |
| spellingShingle | Weronika Kursa Agnieszka Jamiołkowska Jakub Wyrostek Radosław Kowalski Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study Agronomy plant extracts <i>Fusarium</i> antifungal activity |
| title | Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study |
| title_full | Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study |
| title_short | Antifungal Effect of Plant Extracts on the Growth of the Cereal Pathogen <i>Fusarium</i> spp.—An In Vitro Study |
| title_sort | antifungal effect of plant extracts on the growth of the cereal pathogen i fusarium i spp an in vitro study |
| topic | plant extracts <i>Fusarium</i> antifungal activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/12/3204 |
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