Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination
Abstract Background Tengchong County was one of the counties located at the China-Myanmar border with high malaria incidence in the previous decades. As the pilot county for malaria elimination at the border area, Tengchong County is aiming to be the first county to achieve malaria elimination goal....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3073-4 |
| _version_ | 1818941860256677888 |
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| author | Shao-sen Zhang Shui-sen Zhou Zheng-bin Zhou Tian-mu Chen Xue-zhong Wang Wen-qi Shi Wei-kang Jiang Ju-lin Li Xiao-nong Zhou Roger Frutos Sylvie Manguin Aneta Afelt |
| author_facet | Shao-sen Zhang Shui-sen Zhou Zheng-bin Zhou Tian-mu Chen Xue-zhong Wang Wen-qi Shi Wei-kang Jiang Ju-lin Li Xiao-nong Zhou Roger Frutos Sylvie Manguin Aneta Afelt |
| author_sort | Shao-sen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Tengchong County was one of the counties located at the China-Myanmar border with high malaria incidence in the previous decades. As the pilot county for malaria elimination at the border area, Tengchong County is aiming to be the first county to achieve malaria elimination goal. A cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of elimination approach and assess the receptivity of malaria reintroduction. Methods Light traps associated with live baits were used to investigate the abundance of adult mosquitoes in nine villages in Tengchong County. Light traps were set to collect adult mosquitoes in both human houses and cowsheds from dusk till dawn in each site. Results A total of 4948 adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from May to December in two villages. Of the mosquitoes were captured, 24.2% were in human houses and 75.8% in cowsheds. The peak of abundance occurred in July for An. sinensis and in September-October for An. minimus (s.l.) Ten Anopheles species were collected, the most prevalent being An. sinensis (50.3%), An. peditaeniatus (31.6%) and An. minimus (s.l.) (15.8%), contributing to 97.6% of the sample. Potential breeding sites were also investigated and a total of 407 larvae were collected, with An. sinensis (50.1%) and An. minimus (s.l.) (46.2%) as predominant species. Ponds and rice fields were the two preferred breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes; however, the difference between the number of adults and larvae captured suggest other breeding sites might exist. Both An. sinensis and An. minimus (s.l.) were found zoophilic with human blood index as 0.21 and 0.26, respectively. No Plasmodium positive Anopheles specimens were found by PCR among 4,000 trapped mosquitoes. Conclusions Although no indigenous malaria cases have been reported in Tengchong County since 2013, there is still a risk from the presence of vectors in the context of human population movements from neighboring malaria endemic areas. The presence of An. sinensis, associated to rice fields, is particularly worrying. Sustained entomological surveillance is strongly suggested even after malaria elimination certification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:02:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4d6a61a8cf04d659bb47cd69850ed5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:02:15Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4d6a61a8cf04d659bb47cd69850ed5d2022-12-21T19:49:10ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052018-09-0111111210.1186/s13071-018-3073-4Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria eliminationShao-sen Zhang0Shui-sen Zhou1Zheng-bin Zhou2Tian-mu Chen3Xue-zhong Wang4Wen-qi Shi5Wei-kang Jiang6Ju-lin Li7Xiao-nong Zhou8Roger Frutos9Sylvie Manguin10Aneta Afelt11National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionYunnan Institute of Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionJiangsu Institute of Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionIES, Université Montpellier, CNRSHydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, Université MontpellierInterdisciplinary Center for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of WarsawAbstract Background Tengchong County was one of the counties located at the China-Myanmar border with high malaria incidence in the previous decades. As the pilot county for malaria elimination at the border area, Tengchong County is aiming to be the first county to achieve malaria elimination goal. A cross-sectional entomological survey was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of elimination approach and assess the receptivity of malaria reintroduction. Methods Light traps associated with live baits were used to investigate the abundance of adult mosquitoes in nine villages in Tengchong County. Light traps were set to collect adult mosquitoes in both human houses and cowsheds from dusk till dawn in each site. Results A total of 4948 adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from May to December in two villages. Of the mosquitoes were captured, 24.2% were in human houses and 75.8% in cowsheds. The peak of abundance occurred in July for An. sinensis and in September-October for An. minimus (s.l.) Ten Anopheles species were collected, the most prevalent being An. sinensis (50.3%), An. peditaeniatus (31.6%) and An. minimus (s.l.) (15.8%), contributing to 97.6% of the sample. Potential breeding sites were also investigated and a total of 407 larvae were collected, with An. sinensis (50.1%) and An. minimus (s.l.) (46.2%) as predominant species. Ponds and rice fields were the two preferred breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes; however, the difference between the number of adults and larvae captured suggest other breeding sites might exist. Both An. sinensis and An. minimus (s.l.) were found zoophilic with human blood index as 0.21 and 0.26, respectively. No Plasmodium positive Anopheles specimens were found by PCR among 4,000 trapped mosquitoes. Conclusions Although no indigenous malaria cases have been reported in Tengchong County since 2013, there is still a risk from the presence of vectors in the context of human population movements from neighboring malaria endemic areas. The presence of An. sinensis, associated to rice fields, is particularly worrying. Sustained entomological surveillance is strongly suggested even after malaria elimination certification.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3073-4Malaria vectorChina-Myanmar borderMalaria eliminationEcological traitsReceptivity |
| spellingShingle | Shao-sen Zhang Shui-sen Zhou Zheng-bin Zhou Tian-mu Chen Xue-zhong Wang Wen-qi Shi Wei-kang Jiang Ju-lin Li Xiao-nong Zhou Roger Frutos Sylvie Manguin Aneta Afelt Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination Parasites & Vectors Malaria vector China-Myanmar border Malaria elimination Ecological traits Receptivity |
| title | Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination |
| title_full | Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination |
| title_short | Monitoring of malaria vectors at the China-Myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination |
| title_sort | monitoring of malaria vectors at the china myanmar border while approaching malaria elimination |
| topic | Malaria vector China-Myanmar border Malaria elimination Ecological traits Receptivity |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3073-4 |
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