Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation
NAD<sup>+</sup> has emerged as a crucial element in both bioenergetic and signaling pathways, since it acts as a key regulator of cellular and organism homeostasis. NAD<sup>+</sup> is a coenzyme in redox reactions, a donor of adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPr) moieties in AD...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-02-01
|
| Series: | Challenges |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/11/1/3 |
| _version_ | 1818061903530819584 |
|---|---|
| author | Palmiro Poltronieri |
| author_facet | Palmiro Poltronieri |
| author_sort | Palmiro Poltronieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NAD<sup>+</sup> has emerged as a crucial element in both bioenergetic and signaling pathways, since it acts as a key regulator of cellular and organism homeostasis. NAD<sup>+</sup> is a coenzyme in redox reactions, a donor of adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPr) moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions, and a substrate for sirtuins, a group of histone deacetylase enzymes that use NAD<sup>+</sup> to remove acetyl groups from proteins. NAD<sup>+</sup> is also a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose, a second messenger in the release and signaling of Ca<sup>++</sup>, and of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and oligoadenylates (oligo2′-5′A)—two immune response-activating compounds. In the biological systems considered in this review, NAD<sup>+</sup> is mostly consumed in ADP-ribose (ADPr) transfer reactions. In this review, the roles of these chemical products are discussed in biological systems, such as in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In the review, ADP-ribosylating enzymes are introduced, as well as the importance to restore the NAD<sup>+</sup> pools in these systems. Finally, a special attention is presently focused on viral macrodomains, aimed to develop inhibitors to improve the immune response to viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:55:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e4ef47bde1c84713be7cff9cbae3ddf5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-1547 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:55:43Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Challenges |
| spelling | doaj.art-e4ef47bde1c84713be7cff9cbae3ddf52022-12-22T01:45:59ZengMDPI AGChallenges2078-15472020-02-01111310.3390/challe11010003challe11010003Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-RibosylationPalmiro Poltronieri0Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, CNR-ISPA, Ecotekne, via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy NAD<sup>+</sup> has emerged as a crucial element in both bioenergetic and signaling pathways, since it acts as a key regulator of cellular and organism homeostasis. NAD<sup>+</sup> is a coenzyme in redox reactions, a donor of adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPr) moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions, and a substrate for sirtuins, a group of histone deacetylase enzymes that use NAD<sup>+</sup> to remove acetyl groups from proteins. NAD<sup>+</sup> is also a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose, a second messenger in the release and signaling of Ca<sup>++</sup>, and of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and oligoadenylates (oligo2′-5′A)—two immune response-activating compounds. In the biological systems considered in this review, NAD<sup>+</sup> is mostly consumed in ADP-ribose (ADPr) transfer reactions. In this review, the roles of these chemical products are discussed in biological systems, such as in animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In the review, ADP-ribosylating enzymes are introduced, as well as the importance to restore the NAD<sup>+</sup> pools in these systems. Finally, a special attention is presently focused on viral macrodomains, aimed to develop inhibitors to improve the immune response to viruses.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/11/1/3adp ribosyl transferases (arts)post-translational modification (ptm)macrodomainadp ribose glycohydrolases (arh)adp ribose (adpr)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+)nicotinamide (nam)m-iodobenzylguanidine (mibg) |
| spellingShingle | Palmiro Poltronieri Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation Challenges adp ribosyl transferases (arts) post-translational modification (ptm) macrodomain adp ribose glycohydrolases (arh) adp ribose (adpr) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) nicotinamide (nam) m-iodobenzylguanidine (mibg) |
| title | Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation |
| title_full | Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation |
| title_short | Emerging Concepts on the Role of ADP-Ribosylation |
| title_sort | emerging concepts on the role of adp ribosylation |
| topic | adp ribosyl transferases (arts) post-translational modification (ptm) macrodomain adp ribose glycohydrolases (arh) adp ribose (adpr) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) nicotinamide (nam) m-iodobenzylguanidine (mibg) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/11/1/3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT palmiropoltronieri emergingconceptsontheroleofadpribosylation |