Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion
Fungus-growing termites are eusocial insects that represent one of the most efficient and unique systems for lignocellulose bioconversion, evolved from a sophisticated symbiosis with lignocellulolytic fungi and gut bacterial communities. Despite a plethora of information generated during the last ce...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/403 |
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| author | Rongrong Xie Chenchen Dong Shengjie Wang Blessing Danso Mudasir A. Dar Radhakrishna S. Pandit Kiran D. Pawar Alei Geng Daochen Zhu Xia Li Qing Xu Jianzhong Sun |
| author_facet | Rongrong Xie Chenchen Dong Shengjie Wang Blessing Danso Mudasir A. Dar Radhakrishna S. Pandit Kiran D. Pawar Alei Geng Daochen Zhu Xia Li Qing Xu Jianzhong Sun |
| author_sort | Rongrong Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungus-growing termites are eusocial insects that represent one of the most efficient and unique systems for lignocellulose bioconversion, evolved from a sophisticated symbiosis with lignocellulolytic fungi and gut bacterial communities. Despite a plethora of information generated during the last century, some essential information on gut bacterial profiles and their unique contributions to wood digestion in some fungus-growing termites is still inadequate. Hence, using the culture-dependent approach, the present study aims to assess and compare the diversity of lignocellulose-degrading bacterial symbionts within the gut systems of three fungus-growing termites: <i>Ancistrotermes pakistanicus, Odontotermes longignathus</i>, and <i>Macrotermes</i> sp. A total of 32 bacterial species, belonging to 18 genera and 10 different families, were successfully isolated and identified from three fungus-growing termites using Avicel or xylan as the sole source of carbon. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> was the most dominant family represented by 68.1% of the total bacteria, followed by Yersiniaceae (10.6%) and Moraxellaceae (9%). Interestingly, five bacterial genera such as <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Citrobacter</i>, <i>Acinetobacter, Trabulsiella</i>, and <i>Kluyvera</i> were common among the tested termites, while the other bacteria demonstrated a termite-specific distribution. Further, the lignocellulolytic potential of selected bacterial strains was tested on agricultural waste to evaluate their capability for lignocellulose bioconversion. The highest substrate degradation was achieved with <i>E. chengduensis</i> MA11 which degraded 45.52% of rice straw. All of the potential strains showed endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities depicting a symbiotic role towards the lignocellulose digestion within the termite gut. The above results indicated that fungus-growing termites harbor a diverse array of bacterial symbionts that differ from species to species, which may play an inevitable role to enhance the degradation efficacy in lignocellulose decomposition. The present study further elaborates our knowledge about the termite-bacteria symbiosis for lignocellulose bioconversion which could be helpful to design a future biorefinery. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:54:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e50285d9c74c455daab135dede923172 |
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| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:54:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-e50285d9c74c455daab135dede9231722023-11-17T19:47:03ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502023-04-0114440310.3390/insects14040403Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose BioconversionRongrong Xie0Chenchen Dong1Shengjie Wang2Blessing Danso3Mudasir A. Dar4Radhakrishna S. Pandit5Kiran D. Pawar6Alei Geng7Daochen Zhu8Xia Li9Qing Xu10Jianzhong Sun11Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaDepartment of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, IndiaSchool of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, IndiaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaFungus-growing termites are eusocial insects that represent one of the most efficient and unique systems for lignocellulose bioconversion, evolved from a sophisticated symbiosis with lignocellulolytic fungi and gut bacterial communities. Despite a plethora of information generated during the last century, some essential information on gut bacterial profiles and their unique contributions to wood digestion in some fungus-growing termites is still inadequate. Hence, using the culture-dependent approach, the present study aims to assess and compare the diversity of lignocellulose-degrading bacterial symbionts within the gut systems of three fungus-growing termites: <i>Ancistrotermes pakistanicus, Odontotermes longignathus</i>, and <i>Macrotermes</i> sp. A total of 32 bacterial species, belonging to 18 genera and 10 different families, were successfully isolated and identified from three fungus-growing termites using Avicel or xylan as the sole source of carbon. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> was the most dominant family represented by 68.1% of the total bacteria, followed by Yersiniaceae (10.6%) and Moraxellaceae (9%). Interestingly, five bacterial genera such as <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Citrobacter</i>, <i>Acinetobacter, Trabulsiella</i>, and <i>Kluyvera</i> were common among the tested termites, while the other bacteria demonstrated a termite-specific distribution. Further, the lignocellulolytic potential of selected bacterial strains was tested on agricultural waste to evaluate their capability for lignocellulose bioconversion. The highest substrate degradation was achieved with <i>E. chengduensis</i> MA11 which degraded 45.52% of rice straw. All of the potential strains showed endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and xylanase activities depicting a symbiotic role towards the lignocellulose digestion within the termite gut. The above results indicated that fungus-growing termites harbor a diverse array of bacterial symbionts that differ from species to species, which may play an inevitable role to enhance the degradation efficacy in lignocellulose decomposition. The present study further elaborates our knowledge about the termite-bacteria symbiosis for lignocellulose bioconversion which could be helpful to design a future biorefinery.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/403fungus-growing termites<i>Ancistrotermes pakistanicus</i>gut systemsbacterial diversitysymbiontslignocellulose digestion |
| spellingShingle | Rongrong Xie Chenchen Dong Shengjie Wang Blessing Danso Mudasir A. Dar Radhakrishna S. Pandit Kiran D. Pawar Alei Geng Daochen Zhu Xia Li Qing Xu Jianzhong Sun Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion Insects fungus-growing termites <i>Ancistrotermes pakistanicus</i> gut systems bacterial diversity symbionts lignocellulose digestion |
| title | Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion |
| title_full | Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion |
| title_fullStr | Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion |
| title_short | Host-Specific Diversity of Culturable Bacteria in the Gut Systems of Fungus-Growing Termites and Their Potential Functions towards Lignocellulose Bioconversion |
| title_sort | host specific diversity of culturable bacteria in the gut systems of fungus growing termites and their potential functions towards lignocellulose bioconversion |
| topic | fungus-growing termites <i>Ancistrotermes pakistanicus</i> gut systems bacterial diversity symbionts lignocellulose digestion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/4/403 |
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